Masikito ophera tizilombo otalikirapo (ILNs) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chotchinga popewa matenda a malungo. Kummwera kwa Sahara ku Africa, njira imodzi yofunika kwambiri yochepetsera matenda a malungo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma ILN. Komabe, chidziwitso chogwiritsa ntchito ma ILN ku Ethiopia ndi chochepa. Choncho, phunziroli likufuna kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito ma ILN ndi zinthu zomwe zikugwirizana nazo pakati pa mabanja ku West Arsi County, Oromia State, Southern Ethiopia ku 2023. Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi anthu adachitika ku West Arsi County kuyambira 1 mpaka 30 May 2023 ndi chitsanzo cha mabanja a 2808. Deta idasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera m'mabanja pogwiritsa ntchito mafunso omwe amayendetsedwa ndi ofunsa mafunso. Detayo inafufuzidwa, kulembedwa ndi kulowetsedwa mu Epiinfo version 7 ndiyeno kutsukidwa ndi kusanthula pogwiritsa ntchito SPSS version 25. Kusanthula kofotokozera kunagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apereke mafupipafupi, kufanana ndi ma grafu. Kusanthula kwa Binary Logistic Regression Anawerengedwa ndipo zosinthika zokhala ndi p zosakwana 0.25 zidasankhidwa kuti ziphatikizidwe mumitundu yambiri. Chitsanzo chomaliza chinatanthauziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito ziwerengero zosinthidwa (95% nthawi yodalirika, p mtengo wotsika kuposa 0.05) kusonyeza mgwirizano wa chiwerengero pakati pa zotsatira ndi zosiyana zodziimira. Pafupifupi mabanja 2389 (86.2%) ali ndi maukonde ophera tizilombo okhalitsa omwe amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogona. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ophera tizilombo kwanthawi yayitali kunali 69.9% (95% CI 68.1–71.8). Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa maukonde ophera tizilombo kwa nthawi yaitali kunagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri ndi kukhala mutu wa banja lachikazi (AOR 1.69; 95% CI 1.33-4.15), chiwerengero cha zipinda zosiyana m'nyumba (AOR 1.80; 95% CI 1.23-2.29), nthawi ya insecticide 8% (1 CIdal 8%; 9 net. 2.18-5.35), ndi chidziwitso choyankha (AOR 3.68; 95% CI 2.48-6.97). Kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ophera tizilombo kwanthawi yayitali pakati pa mabanja ku Ethiopia kunali kotsika poyerekeza ndi muyezo wadziko lonse (≥ 85). Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti zinthu monga mutu wachikazi wabanja, kuchuluka kwa zipinda zosiyana mnyumbamo, nthawi yosinthira maukonde ophera tizilombo omwe amakhala kwanthawi yayitali komanso kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso cha omwe adafunsidwa anali kulosera za kugwiritsa ntchito LLIN ndi mamembala apakhomo. Choncho, kuti awonjezere kugwiritsa ntchito LLIN, West Alsi District Health Office ndi ogwira nawo ntchito ayenera kupereka chidziwitso choyenera kwa anthu ndi kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito LLIN pakhomo.
Malungo ndi vuto lalikulu laumoyo wa anthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso matenda opatsirana omwe amayambitsa kudwala komanso kufa. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda totchedwa Plasmodium, timene timafalitsa polumidwa ndi udzudzu waukazi wotchedwa Anopheles1,2. Pafupifupi anthu 3.3 biliyoni ali pachiwopsezo cha malungo, omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu ku sub-Saharan Africa (SSA)3. Lipoti la World Health Organization (WHO) 2023 likusonyeza kuti theka la anthu padziko lapansi ali pachiopsezo chodwala malungo, ndipo akuti pafupifupi 233 miliyoni odwala malungo m’mayiko 29, mwa iwo anthu pafupifupi 580,000 amamwalira, pamene ana osakwana zaka zisanu ndi amayi apakati ndiwo akudwala kwambiri 3,4.
Kafukufuku wam'mbuyomu ku Ethiopia awonetsa kuti zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kugwiritsa ntchito udzudzu kwa nthawi yayitali ndi monga chidziwitso cha njira zopatsirana malungo, chidziwitso choperekedwa ndi ogwira ntchito zachipatala (HEWs), kampeni yofalitsa nkhani, maphunziro azipatala, malingaliro ndi kusapeza bwino kwakuthupi pogona muukonde waudzu kwanthawi yayitali, kulephera kupachika maukonde omwe alipo kwanthawi yayitali, kusowa kwa malo osungiramo udzudzu, kusowa kwa malo osungiramo udzudzu, maphunziro a udzudzu. makonde, kuopsa kwa malungo, komanso kusazindikira ubwino wa maukonde oteteza udzudzu. Kafukufuku wa 17,20,21 awonetsanso kuti zizindikiro zina, kuphatikizapo kukula kwa banja, zaka, mbiri yovulala, kukula, mawonekedwe, mtundu, ndi malo ogona, zimagwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito udzudzu kwa nthawi yaitali. 5,17,18,22 Komabe, kafukufuku wina sanapeze kugwirizana kwakukulu pakati pa chuma chapakhomo ndi nthawi ya kugwiritsa ntchito udzudzu3,23.
Ukonde waudzudzu wokhalitsa, waukulu wokwanira kuikidwa m’malo ogona, wapezeka kuti ukugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza, ndipo kafukufuku wochuluka m’maiko omwe ali ndi malungo atsimikizira kufunika kwake pochepetsa kukhudzana kwa anthu ndi tizilombo toyambitsa malungo ndi matenda ena ofalitsidwa ndi ma vector7,19,23. M’madera amene muli malungo, kugaŵidwa kwa maukonde oteteza udzudzu kwa nthaŵi yaitali kwasonyezedwa kuti kumachepetsa kufala kwa malungo, matenda aakulu, ndi imfa zobwera chifukwa cha malungo. Masikito okhala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo awonetsa kuti amachepetsa matenda a malungo ndi 48-50%. Ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, maukondewa amatha kuteteza 7% ya imfa za ana osakwana zaka zisanu padziko lonse24 ndipo amagwirizana ndi kuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha kubadwa kochepa komanso kutaya mwana25.
Sizikudziwika kuti anthu akudziwa bwanji za kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ophera tizilombo omwe akhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kuti amawagula mpaka pati. Ndemanga ndi mphekesera za kusapachika maukonde nkomwe, kuwapachika molakwika komanso molakwika, komanso osayika patsogolo ana ndi amayi apakati akuyenera kufufuza mosamala. Vuto linanso ndi momwe anthu amaonera ntchito ya maukonde ophera tizilombo kwanthawi yayitali popewa malungo. 23 Matenda a malungo ndi ochuluka m'madera otsika ku West Arsi County, ndipo zambiri zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ophera tizilombo kwanthawi yayitali m'nyumba ndi m'madera ndizosowa. Choncho, cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kuyesa kufalikira kwa kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ophera tizilombo kwanthawi yayitali komanso zinthu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mabanja ku West Arsi County, Oromia Region, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Ethiopia.
Kafukufuku wokhudza anthu ammudzi adachitika kuyambira pa 1 mpaka 30 Meyi 2023 ku West Arsi County. West Arsi County ili m'chigawo cha Oromia kumwera kwa Ethiopia, 250 km kuchokera ku Addis Ababa. Chiwerengero cha anthu a m’derali ndi 2,926,749, chomwe chili ndi amuna 1,434,107 ndi amayi 1,492,642. Ku West Arsi County, anthu pafupifupi 963,102 m’maboma asanu ndi limodzi ndi tauni imodzi amakhala pangozi yaikulu ya malungo; komabe zigawo zisanu ndi zinayi zilibe malungo. West Arsi County ili ndi midzi 352, yomwe 136 ili ndi malungo. Mwa madera 356 a zaumoyo, 143 ndi malo oletsa malungo ndipo pali 85, 32 ali m'madera omwe akudwala malungo. Zipatala zitatu mwa zisanu zimathandizira odwala malungo. Derali lili ndi mitsinje ndi malo othirira oyenerera kuti udzudzu ubeledwe. Mu 2021, mankhwala ophera tizilombo okwana 312,224 adagawidwa m'derali kuti ayankhe mwadzidzidzi, ndipo gulu lachiwiri la 150,949 lokhala ndi tizirombo lokhalitsa linagawidwa mu 2022-26.
Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe adachokerawo adawonedwa kuti ndi mabanja onse kudera la West Alsi komanso omwe amakhala mderali panthawi yophunzira.
Chiwerengero cha kafukufuku chinasankhidwa mwachisawawa kuchokera ku mabanja onse oyenerera ku dera la West Alsi, komanso omwe amakhala m'madera omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha malungo panthawi yophunzira.
Mabanja onse omwe ali m'midzi yosankhidwa ya West Alsi County ndipo akukhala kumalo ophunzirira kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi adaphatikizidwa mu kafukufukuyu.
Mabanja omwe sanalandire ma LLIN pa nthawi yogawa komanso omwe sanathe kuyankha chifukwa cha vuto lakumva ndi kulankhula adachotsedwa mu kafukufukuyu.
Kukula kwachitsanzo kwa cholinga chachiwiri cha zinthu zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito LLIN kunawerengedwa potengera kuchuluka kwa anthu pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya Epi info version 7 statistical computing. Poganiza kuti 95% CI, 80% mphamvu ndi zotsatira za 61.1% mu gulu losadziwika, lingalirolo linatengedwa kuchokera ku kafukufuku wopangidwa pakati pa India13 pogwiritsa ntchito mitu ya mabanja osaphunzira monga chinthu chosinthika, ndi OR ya 1.25. Pogwiritsa ntchito malingaliro omwe ali pamwambawa ndi kuyerekeza zosinthika ndi ziwerengero zazikulu, kusinthika kwa "mutu wapakhomo wopanda maphunziro" kunaganiziridwa kuti chitsimikizidwe cha kukula kwachitsanzo chomaliza, chifukwa chinapereka chitsanzo chachikulu cha anthu a 2808.
Zitsanzo za kukula kwake zinaperekedwa molingana ndi chiwerengero cha mabanja m’mudzi uliwonse ndipo mabanja 2808 anasankhidwa kuchokera kumidzi pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosavuta yongotengera chitsanzo. Chiwerengero cha mabanja mumudzi uliwonse chinatengedwa kuchokera ku Village Health Information System (CHIS). Banja loyamba linasankhidwa ndi lotale. Ngati nyumba ya wophunzirayo idatsekedwa panthawi yosonkhanitsa deta, maulendo awiri otsatizana otsatizana anachitidwa ndipo izi zinkaonedwa ngati zosayankha.
Zosintha zodziyimira pawokha zinali mikhalidwe ya chikhalidwe cha anthu (zaka, ukwati, chipembedzo, maphunziro, ntchito, kukula kwa banja, malo okhala, fuko ndi ndalama zomwe amapeza pamwezi), kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso ndi zosinthika zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ophera tizilombo kwa nthawi yayitali.
Mabanja anafunsidwa mafunso khumi ndi atatu pa chidziwitso chokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo okhalitsa. Yankho lolondola linapatsidwa mfundo imodzi, ndipo yankho lolakwika linapatsidwa mfundo 0. Pambuyo pofotokoza mwachidule za chigonjetso cha wophunzira aliyense, chiwongoladzanja chinawerengedwa, ndipo ophunzira omwe anali ndi ziwerengero zoposa avareji amaonedwa kuti ali ndi "chidziwitso chabwino" ndipo ophunzira omwe ali ndi ziwerengero zocheperapo amaonedwa kuti alibe chidziwitso "chosauka" pakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe akhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali.
Deta inasonkhanitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mafunso okonzedwa omwe amayendetsedwa maso ndi maso ndi wofunsayo ndikusinthidwa kuchokera ku mabuku osiyanasiyana2,3,7,19. Phunziroli linaphatikizapo makhalidwe a chikhalidwe cha anthu, makhalidwe a chilengedwe komanso chidziwitso cha omwe akugwira nawo ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito ISIS. Deta idasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kwa anthu 28 omwe ali pamalo omwe ali ndi malungo, kunja kwa malo awo osonkhanitsira deta ndikuyang'aniridwa tsiku lililonse ndi akatswiri 7 a malungo ochokera kuzipatala.
Mafunsowo adakonzedwa m'Chingerezi ndikumasuliridwa m'chilankhulo cha komweko (Afan Oromo) kenako adamasuliridwanso m'Chingerezi kuti muwone ngati akugwirizana. Mafunsowo adayesedwa kale pa 5% ya zitsanzo (135) kunja kwa chipatala. Pambuyo poyesa kale, mafunsowo adasinthidwa kuti amveke bwino komanso kuti mawu akhale osavuta. Kuyeretsa deta, kukwanira, kukula ndi kufufuza kwamalingaliro kunkachitika pafupipafupi kuti zitsimikizire kuti deta isanalowemo. Pambuyo poyang'ana ndi woyang'anira, deta yonse yosakwanira komanso yosagwirizana idachotsedwa ku deta. Osonkhanitsa deta ndi oyang'anira adalandira maphunziro a tsiku limodzi okhudza momwe angasonkhanitsire komanso mfundo ziti. Wofufuzayo adayang'anira osonkhanitsa deta ndi oyang'anira kuti atsimikizire kuti deta ili yabwino panthawi yosonkhanitsa deta.
Detayo inafufuzidwa kuti ikhale yolondola komanso yosasinthasintha, kenaka inalembedwa ndi kulowa mu Epi-info version 7, ndiyeno kutsukidwa ndi kusanthula pogwiritsa ntchito SPSS version 25. Ziwerengero zofotokozera monga mafupipafupi, kufanana, ndi ma grafu zinagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka zotsatira. Kusanthula kwa Bivariate Binary Logistic Regression Anawerengera, ndipo ma covariate okhala ndi p ochepera 0.25 mumtundu wa bivariate adasankhidwa kuti aphatikizidwe mumitundu yambiri. Mtundu womaliza udatanthauziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma ratios osinthika, 95% nthawi yodalirika, ndi ma p values <0.05 kuti adziwe mgwirizano pakati pa zotsatira ndi zosintha zodziyimira pawokha. Multicollinearity inayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zolakwika zokhazikika (SE), zomwe zinali zosakwana 2 mu phunziroli. Mayeso a Hosmer ndi Lemeshow abwino-of-fit adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa mtunduwo, ndipo mtengo wa p wa mayeso a Hosmer ndi Lemeshow mu phunziroli unali 0.746.
Asanayambe phunzirolo, chivomerezo cha chikhalidwe chinapezedwa kuchokera ku West Elsea County Board of Health Ethics Committee mogwirizana ndi Declaration of Helsinki. Atatha kufotokoza cholinga cha phunziroli, makalata ovomerezeka ovomerezeka anapezedwa kuchokera ku maofesi a zaumoyo a m'maboma osankhidwa ndi mumzinda. Ochita nawo kafukufukuyu adadziwitsidwa za cholinga cha kafukufukuyu, chinsinsi, komanso zachinsinsi. Chilolezo chodziwitsidwa ndi mawu chinapezedwa kuchokera kwa omwe adachita nawo kafukufuku asanayambe ndondomeko yeniyeni yosonkhanitsa deta. Mayina a omwe adafunsidwa sanalembedwe, koma wofunsidwa aliyense adapatsidwa code kuti asunge chinsinsi.
Pakati pa omwe adafunsidwa, ambiri (2738, 98.8%) adamva za kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kwanthawi yayitali. Ponena za gwero lachidziwitso chokhudza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kwa nthawi yaitali, ambiri mwa omwe anafunsidwa 2202 (71.1%) adalandira kuchokera kwa othandizira awo azaumoyo. Pafupifupi onse omwe anafunsidwa 2735 (99.9%) adadziwa kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe adang'ambika kwa nthawi yayitali amatha kukonzedwa. Pafupifupi onse 2614 (95.5%) adadziwa za mankhwala ophera tizirombo okhalitsa chifukwa amatha kupewa malungo. Ambiri mwa mabanja 2529 (91.5%) anali ndi chidziwitso chabwino chokhudza mankhwala ophera tizilombo okhalitsa. Kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso chapakhomo ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kwa nthawi yaitali kunali 7.77 ndi kupatuka kwa ± 0.91 (Table 2).
Pakuwunika kwapawiri kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito udzudzu kwanthawi yayitali, zosintha monga jenda, malo okhala, kukula kwa banja, maphunziro, banja, ntchito yoyankha, kuchuluka kwa zipinda zosiyana mnyumba, kudziwa zaukonde wokhalitsa, malo ogula maukonde okhalitsa, nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito udzudzu wanthawi yayitali, kuchuluka kwa udzudzu ndi udzudzu wanthawi yayitali. pogwiritsa ntchito ukonde waudzudzu kwa nthawi yayitali. Pambuyo pokonza zinthu zosokoneza, zosintha zonse ndi p-value <0.25 mu kufufuza kwa bivariate zinaphatikizidwa mu multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Cholinga cha kafukufukuyu chinali kuyesa kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ophera tizilombo kwanthawi yayitali komanso zinthu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mabanja ku West Arsi County, Ethiopia. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti zinthu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugwiritsira ntchito maukonde ophera tizilombo kwa nthawi yaitali zikuphatikizapo jenda lachikazi la ofunsidwa, chiwerengero cha zipinda zosiyana m'nyumba, kutalika kwa nthawi yofunikira kuti m'malo mwa maukonde ophera tizilombo, komanso kuchuluka kwa chidziwitso cha omwe anafunsidwa, zomwe zinali zogwirizana kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ophera tizilombo kwa nthawi yaitali.
Kusiyana kumeneku kungakhale chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kukula kwa zitsanzo, chiwerengero cha ophunzira, malo ophunzirira m'madera, ndi chikhalidwe cha chikhalidwe cha anthu. Pakalipano, ku Ethiopia, Unduna wa Zaumoyo ukugwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo zochepetsera matenda a malungo pophatikiza njira zopewera malungo m'mapulogalamu oyambira chithandizo chamankhwala, zomwe zingathandize kuchepetsa matenda okhudzana ndi malungo ndi kufa.
Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zidawonetsa kuti atsogoleri achikazi amamwa mankhwala ophera tizirombo okhalitsa poyerekeza ndi amuna. Zomwe anapezazi zikugwirizana ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa ku Ilugalan County5, Raya Alamata Region33 ndi Arbaminchi Town34, Ethiopia, zomwe zinasonyeza kuti amayi ndi omwe amagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kwa nthawi yaitali kusiyana ndi amuna. Izi zitha kukhalanso chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha anthu aku Ethiopia chomwe chimalemekeza akazi kuposa amuna, ndipo akazi akakhala mitu ya mabanja, abambo amakhala opanikizika kwambiri kuti asankhe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kwanthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufukuyu adachitika kumudzi komwe zikhalidwe ndi machitidwe ammudzi amatha kukhala olemekeza amayi oyembekezera ndikuwapatsa patsogolo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kwanthawi yayitali kuti apewe matenda a malungo.
Kupeza kwina kwa kafukufukuyu kunawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa zipinda zosiyana m'nyumba za anthu ochita nawo ntchitoyi kunali kogwirizana kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde oteteza udzudzu okhalitsa. Izi zatsimikiziridwa ndi kafukufuku ku East Belessa7, Garan5, Adama21 ndi Bahir Dar20. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa chakuti mabanja amene ali ndi zipinda zochepa m’nyumbamo amatha kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde oteteza udzudzu okhalitsa, pamene mabanja okhala ndi zipinda zolekanitsa m’nyumbamo ndiponso achibale ambiri amakhala ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito maukonde oteteza udzudzu okhalitsa, zomwe zingachititse kuti m’zipinda zonse muzikhala kusowa kwa udzudzu.
Nthawi yosinthira maukonde ophera tizirombo okhalitsa inali yogwirizana kwambiri ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ophera tizilombo kwanthawi yayitali. Anthu amene analowa m’malo mwa maukonde ophera tizilombo okhalitsa mpaka zaka zitatu zapitazo anali ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito maukonde ophera tizirombo okhalitsa kusiyana ndi amene analowedwapo zaka zosakwana zitatu zapitazo. Izi zikugwirizana ndi maphunziro omwe adachitika m'tauni ya Arbaminchi, Ethiopia34 ndi kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Ethiopia20. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa chakuti mabanja amene ali ndi mwayi wogula maukonde atsopano oti alowe m’malo mwa akale amatha kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ophera udzudzu kwa nthaŵi yaitali pakati pa anthu a m’banjamo, amene angamve kukhala okhutira ndi osonkhezeredwa kwambiri kugwiritsira ntchito maukonde atsopano otetezera malungo.
Kupeza kwina kwa kafukufukuyu kunawonetsa kuti mabanja omwe ali ndi chidziwitso chokwanira chokhudza mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali amakhala ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali poyerekeza ndi mabanja omwe sakudziwa zambiri. Izi zikugwirizananso ndi maphunziro omwe adachitika ku Hawassa ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Ethiopia18,22. Izi zikhoza kufotokozedwa ndi mfundo yakuti pamene chidziwitso cha m'nyumba ndi chidziwitso cha njira zopewera kufala kwa matenda, zoopsa, kuopsa kwake ndi njira zopewera matenda zikuwonjezeka, mwayi wotsatira njira zodzitetezera ukuwonjezeka. Kuphatikiza apo, kudziwa bwino komanso malingaliro abwino a njira zopewera malungo zimalimbikitsa mchitidwe wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kwanthawi yayitali. Choncho, njira zosinthira khalidwe zikufuna kulimbikitsa anthu kuti azitsatira ndondomeko zopewera malungo pakati pa anthu apakhomo poika patsogolo zinthu zokhudza chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso maphunziro a anthu onse.
Kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe apakati ndipo maubale oyambitsa sakuwonetsedwa. Kukumbukira kutha kuchitika. Kuyang'ana kwa maukonde kumatsimikizira kuti kufotokoza zotsatira za kafukufuku wina (mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito neti usiku wapitawo, kuchapa pafupipafupi ma neti, ndi ndalama zomwe amapeza) zimachokera ku malipoti aumwini, omwe amatengera kukondera.
Kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ophera tizilombo kwanthawi yayitali m'mabanja kunali kotsika poyerekeza ndi muyezo wadziko la Ethiopia (≥ 85). Kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa maukonde ophera tizilombo kwanthawi yayitali kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ngati mutu wa banja ndi mzimayi, ndi zipinda zingati zodziyimira pawokha mnyumbamo, zidatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti m'malo mwa ukonde wokhala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kwanthawi yayitali, komanso momwe omverawo anali odziwa zambiri. Choncho, West Arsi County Health Authority ndi ogwira nawo ntchito oyenerera ayenera kuyesetsa kuonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ophera tizilombo kwa nthawi yaitali pamlingo wapakhomo kupyolera mu kufalitsa uthenga ndi maphunziro oyenerera, komanso kudzera mukulankhulana kosalekeza kwa kusintha kwa khalidwe kuti awonjezere kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ophera tizilombo kwa nthawi yaitali. Limbikitsani kuphunzitsa anthu odzipereka, mabungwe ammudzi, ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo pakugwiritsa ntchito moyenera maukonde ophera tizirombo okhalitsa pabanja.
Deta yonse yomwe yapezedwa ndi/kapena yofufuzidwa panthawi ya phunziroli imapezeka kuchokera kwa wolemba yemwe akugwirizana nayo pa pempho loyenera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-07-2025