Kukana mankhwala ophera udzu kumatanthauza kuthekera kobadwa nako kwa mtundu wa udzu kuti upulumuke mu mankhwala ophera udzu omwe anthu oyambawo anali okhudzidwa nawo. Mtundu wa udzu ndi gulu la zomera mkati mwa mtundu womwe uli ndi makhalidwe achilengedwe (monga kukana mankhwala enaake ophera udzu) omwe si ofala kwa anthu onse. Kukana mankhwala ophera udzu ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe alimi aku North Carolina akukumana nalo. Padziko lonse lapansi, mitundu yoposa 100 ya udzu imadziwika kuti imalimbana ndi mankhwala amodzi kapena angapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ku North Carolina, pakadali pano tili ndi mtundu wa udzu wa goosegrass womwe umalimbana ndi mankhwala ophera udzu a dinitroaniline (Prowl, Sonalan, ndi Treflan), mtundu wa udzu wa cocklebur womwe umalimbana ndi MSMA ndi DSMA, ndi mtundu wa udzu wa rye wa pachaka womwe umalimbana ndi Hoelon. Mpaka posachedwapa, panalibe nkhawa zambiri za kukula kwa kukana mankhwala ophera udzu ku North Carolina. Ngakhale tili ndi mitundu itatu yokhala ndi mitundu yophera udzu yomwe imalimbana ndi mankhwala enaake ophera udzu, kupezeka kwa mitundu iyi ya udzu kunafotokozedwa mosavuta pobzala mbewu m'munda umodzi. Alimi omwe anali kusinthasintha mbewu sanafunikire kuda nkhawa ndi kukana. Komabe, zinthu zasintha m'zaka zaposachedwa chifukwa cha kupangidwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa mankhwala angapo ophera udzu omwe ali ndi njira yofanana yogwirira ntchito. Njira yogwirira ntchito imatanthauza njira yeniyeni yomwe mankhwala ophera udzu amaphera chomera chomwe chingathe kukhudzidwa.
Masiku ano, mankhwala ophera udzu omwe ali ndi njira yofanana yogwirira ntchito angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mbewu zingapo zomwe zingabzalidwe mozungulira. Chodetsa nkhawa kwambiri ndi mankhwala ophera udzu omwe amaletsa dongosolo la ma enzyme a ALS. Mankhwala ena omwe timagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ndi oletsa ALS. Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri mwa mankhwala atsopano ophera udzu omwe akuyembekezeka kulembedwa mkati mwa zaka 5 zikubwerazi ndi oletsa ALS. Monga gulu, oletsa ALS ali ndi makhalidwe angapo omwe akuwoneka kuti amawapangitsa kukhala osavuta kukula kwa kukana zomera. Mankhwala ophera udzu amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbewu chifukwa chakuti ndi othandiza kwambiri kapena otsika mtengo kuposa njira zina zowongolera udzu. Ngati kukana mankhwala enaake kapena banja la mankhwala ophera udzu kukusintha, mankhwala ena oyenera ophera udzu sangakhalepo. Mwachitsanzo, pakadali pano palibe mankhwala ena ophera udzu olimbana ndi Hoelon. Chifukwa chake, mankhwala ophera udzu ayenera kuwonedwa ngati zinthu zotetezedwa. Tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera udzu mwanjira yomwe imaletsa kukula kwa kukana. Kumvetsetsa momwe kukana kusinthira ndikofunikira kuti timvetsetse momwe tingapewere kukana. Pali zofunikira ziwiri kuti tisinthe kukana mankhwala ophera udzu. Choyamba, udzu uliwonse wokhala ndi majini omwe amapereka kukana uyenera kukhalapo mwa anthu am'deralo. Chachiwiri, kukakamizidwa kusankha komwe kumachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala ophera udzu omwe anthu osowa awa sakukana kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa anthu. Anthu okana, ngati alipo, amapanga chiwerengero chochepa kwambiri cha anthu onse. Kawirikawiri, anthu okana amapezeka pafupipafupi kuyambira 1 pa 100,000 mpaka 1 pa 100 miliyoni. Ngati mankhwala ophera udzu omwewo omwe ali ndi njira yofanana yogwirira ntchito agwiritsidwa ntchito mosalekeza, anthu okana amaphedwa koma anthu okana savulazidwa ndipo amabala mbewu. Ngati kukakamizidwa kusankha kukupitirira kwa mibadwo ingapo, mtundu wa zamoyo wokana pamapeto pake udzakhala chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu. Pamenepo, kulamulira udzu kovomerezeka sikungapezekenso ndi mankhwala ophera udzu kapena mankhwala ophera udzu. Gawo lofunika kwambiri pa njira yoyang'anira kuti mupewe kusintha kwa kukana udzu ndi kusintha kwa mankhwala ophera udzu omwe ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito. Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ophera udzu omwe ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito. Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ophera udzu omwe ali ndi njira zambiri zogwirira ntchito mu Table 15 mpaka mbewu ziwiri zotsatizana. Momwemonso, musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ophera udzu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu kuposa kawiri pa mbewu imodzi. Musagwiritse ntchito mankhwala ophera udzu omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chochepa pa mbewu zoposa ziwiri zotsatizana. Mankhwala ophera udzu omwe ali m'gulu lochepa chiopsezo ayenera kusankhidwa akamalamulira udzu wambiri womwe ulipo. Kusakaniza kwa thanki kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera udzu motsatizana omwe ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa ngati zigawo za njira yoyendetsera kukana. Ngati zigawo za kusakaniza kwa thanki kapena kugwiritsa ntchito motsatizana zasankhidwa mwanzeru, njira iyi ingathandize kwambiri pochedwetsa kusintha kwa kukana. Mwatsoka, zofunikira zambiri za kusakaniza kwa thanki kapena kugwiritsa ntchito motsatizana kuti tipewe kukana sizikwaniritsidwa ndi zosakaniza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Kuti zikhale zothandiza kwambiri poletsa kusintha kwa kukana, mankhwala onse ophera udzu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito motsatizana kapena m'mafakitale osakanikirana ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yofanana yolamulira ndipo ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yofanana. Momwe zingathere, phatikizani njira zowongolera zopanda mankhwala monga kulima mu pulogalamu yoyang'anira udzu. Sungani zolemba zabwino za kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera udzu m'munda uliwonse kuti mugwiritse ntchito mtsogolo. Kuzindikira udzu wosagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala ophera udzu. Kulephera kwakukulu kwa udzu sikuchitika chifukwa cha kukana mankhwala ophera udzu. Musanaganize kuti udzu womwe umapulumuka kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera udzu ndi wolimba, chotsani zifukwa zina zonse zomwe zingachititse kulephera kwa udzu. Zomwe zingayambitse kulephera kwa udzu ndi zinthu monga kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika (monga kuchuluka kosakwanira, kuphimba koipa, kusayika bwino, kapena kusowa kwa adjuvant); nyengo yoipa chifukwa cha ntchito yabwino ya mankhwala ophera udzu; nthawi yosayenera yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera udzu (makamaka, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera udzu pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa udzu kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kuti asawonongedwe bwino); ndi udzu womwe umatuluka pambuyo pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera udzu omwe ndi afupiafupi.
Zinthu zina zonse zomwe zimayambitsa kusalamulirika bwino zikachotsedwa, zotsatirazi zingasonyeze kuti pali mtundu wa zomera zomwe sizimalimbana ndi mankhwala ophera udzu:
(1) mitundu yonse yomwe nthawi zambiri imawongoleredwa ndi mankhwala ophera udzu kupatula imodzi imawongoleredwa bwino;
(2) zomera zathanzi za mtundu womwe ukukambidwawu zimasakanikirana pakati pa zomera za mtundu womwewo zomwe zinaphedwa;
(3) mtundu wa zomera zomwe sizikulamulidwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kugwidwa ndi mankhwala ophera udzu omwe akukambidwa;
(4) munda uli ndi mbiri yogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri mankhwala ophera udzu omwe akukambidwa kapena mankhwala ophera udzu omwe ali ndi njira yofanana yogwirira ntchito. Ngati mukukayikira kuti simukutha, siyani kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera udzu omwe ali ndi njira yofanana yogwirira ntchito. Lumikizanani ndi wothandizira wa Extension Service wa m'boma lanu komanso woimira kampani ya mankhwala kuti mupeze upangiri pa njira zina zowongolera. Tsatirani pulogalamu yokhazikika yomwe imadalira mankhwala ophera udzu omwe ali ndi njira yosiyana yogwirira ntchito komanso njira zowongolera zopanda mankhwala kuti muchepetse kupanga mbewu za udzu momwe mungathere. Pewani kufalitsa mbewu za udzu m'minda ina. Konzani pulogalamu yanu yoyang'anira udzu pa mbewu zina zomwe zikubwera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-08-2021