1. Tirigu wa masika
Kuphatikizapo Central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, kumpoto kwa Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, pakati ndi kumadzulo kwa Gansu Province, kum'mawa kwa Qinghai Province ndi Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
(1) Mfundo yokhudza umuna
1. Malinga ndi nyengo ndi chonde cha nthaka, dziwani kuchuluka kwa feteleza, onjezerani kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous, ikani feteleza wa potaziyamu moyenera, ndikuwonjezera feteleza wa micro-feteleza muyeso woyenera kutengera momwe nthaka ilili ndi michere.
2. Limbikitsani kuchuluka kwa udzu wonse woti ubwerere kumunda, onjezerani kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe, ndikuphatikizani organic ndi inorganic kuti muwonjezere chonde m'nthaka, kuonjezera kupanga ndikuwongolera ubwino.
3. Sakanizani nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, ikani feteleza woyambira msanga, ndipo ikani feteleza wapamwamba mwaluso. Yang'anirani bwino momwe feteleza woyambira amagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso momwe mbewu zimabzalidwira bwino kuti muwonetsetse kuti mbande zake ndi zoyera, zathunthu komanso zolimba. Kubzala feteleza pamwamba pa nthawi yake kungalepheretse tirigu kukula bwino komanso kukhazikika msanga, komanso kuchepetsa feteleza ndikuchepetsa zokolola kumapeto.
4. Kuphatikiza kwa feteleza wa pamwamba ndi kuthirira kwachilengedwe. Gwiritsani ntchito kuphatikiza kwa madzi ndi feteleza kapena feteleza wa pamwamba musanathirire, ndipo thirani feteleza wa zinc, boron ndi zina zomwe zimakhala ndi zinthu zochepa panthawi yophukira.
(2) Malangizo okhudza feteleza
1. Perekani malangizo a 17-18-10 (N-P2O5-K2O) kapena njira ina yofanana nayo, ndipo onjezerani kugwiritsa ntchito manyowa a m'munda ndi ma cubic meters 2-3/mu ngati zinthu zilola.
2. Mulingo wa zokolola ndi wochepera 300 kg/mu, feteleza woyambira ndi 25-30 kg/mu, ndipo urea wothira pamwamba ndi 6-8 kg/mu kuphatikiza ndi kuthirira kuyambira nthawi yokwera mpaka nthawi yolumikizirana.
3. Mlingo wotuluka ndi 300-400 kg/mu, feteleza woyambira ndi 30-35 kg/mu, ndipo urea wothira pamwamba ndi 8-10 kg/mu kuphatikiza ndi kuthirira kuyambira nthawi yokwera mpaka nthawi yolumikizirana.
4. Mulingo wa zokolola ndi 400-500 kg/mu, feteleza woyambira ndi 35-40 kg/mu, ndipo urea wothira pamwamba ndi 10-12 kg/mu kuphatikiza ndi kuthirira kuyambira nthawi yokwera mpaka nthawi yolumikizirana.
5. Mlingo wotuluka ndi 500-600 kg/mu, feteleza woyambira ndi 40-45 kg/mu, ndipo urea wothira pamwamba ndi 12-14 kg/mu kuphatikiza ndi kuthirira kuyambira nthawi yokwera mpaka nthawi yolumikizirana.
6. Mulingo wa zokolola ndi woposa 600 kg/mu, feteleza woyambira ndi 45-50 kg/mu, ndipo urea wothira pamwamba ndi 14-16 kg/mu kuphatikiza ndi kuthirira kuyambira nthawi yokwera mpaka nthawi yolumikizirana.
2. Mbatata
(1) Malo oyamba obzala mbatata kumpoto
Kuphatikizapo Chigawo Chodziyimira Payokha cha Inner Mongolia, Chigawo cha Gansu, Chigawo Chodziyimira Payokha cha Ningxia Hui, Chigawo cha Hebei, Chigawo cha Shanxi, Chigawo cha Shaanxi, Chigawo cha Qinghai, Chigawo Chodziyimira Payokha cha Xinjiang Uygur.
1. Mfundo yokhudza feteleza
(1) Dziwani kuchuluka koyenera kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu kutengera zotsatira za kuyesa kwa nthaka ndi zokolola zomwe mukufuna.
(2) Chepetsani chiŵerengero cha feteleza woyambira wa nayitrogeni, onjezerani moyenera kuchuluka kwa feteleza pamwamba, ndikulimbitsa kupezeka kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni panthawi yopanga chipolopolo ndi nthawi yokulitsa chipolopolo.
(3) Malinga ndi momwe nthaka ilili ndi michere, feteleza wapakati ndi wochepa amathiridwa pa masamba panthawi yomwe mbatata ikukula bwino.
(4) Wonjezerani kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe, ndikugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wachilengedwe ndi wosapangidwa ndi organic pamodzi. Ngati feteleza wachilengedwe agwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza woyambira, kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa mankhwala kumatha kuchepetsedwa momwe kungafunikire.
(5) Kuphatikiza feteleza ndi kuwongolera tizilombo ndi udzu, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa pakuwongolera matenda.
(6) Pa malo okhala ndi zinthu monga kuthirira ndi kuthirira pogwiritsa ntchito madontho ndi kuthirira pogwiritsa ntchito sprinkler, kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuphatikiza madzi ndi feteleza.
2. Malangizo okhudza feteleza
(1) Pa nthaka youma yokhala ndi zokolola zosakwana 1000 kg/mu, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito 19-10-16 (N-P2O5-K2O) kapena feteleza wa formula wokhala ndi fomula yofanana ya 35-40 kg/mu. Kuthira kamodzi kokha pobzala.
(2) Pa nthaka yothirira yokhala ndi zokolola zokwana 1000-2000 kg/mu, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa formula (11-18-16) 40 kg/mu, kuthira urea pamwamba pa 8-12 kg/mu kuyambira siteji ya mbande mpaka siteji yokulirapo ya tuber, Potassium sulfate 5-7 kg/mu.
(3) Pa nthaka yothirira yokhala ndi zokolola zokwana 2000-3000 kg/mu, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa formula (11-18-16) 50 kg/mu ngati feteleza wa mbewu, ndi kuwonjezera urea 15-18 kg/mu m'magawo kuyambira siteji ya mbande mpaka siteji ya kukula kwa tuber Mu, potaziyamu sulfate 7-10 kg/mu.
(4) Pa nthaka yothirira yomwe ili ndi zokolola zoposa 3000 kg/mu, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa formula (11-18-16) 60 kg/mu ngati feteleza wa mbewu, ndi kuwonjezera urea 20-22 kg/mu mu magawo kuyambira siteji ya mbande mpaka siteji yokulirapo ya tuber, Potassium sulfate 10-13 kg/mu.
(2) Dera la Mbatata la Kumwera kwa Spring
Kuphatikizapo Chigawo cha Yunnan, Chigawo cha Guizhou, Chigawo Chodziyimira pawokha cha Guangxi Zhuang, Chigawo cha Guangdong, Chigawo cha Hunan, Chigawo cha Sichuan, ndi Mzinda wa Chongqing.
Malangizo Okhudza Kuthira Manyowa
(1) 13-15-17 (N-P2O5-K2O) kapena njira yofanana ndi imeneyi ikulimbikitsidwa ngati feteleza woyambira, ndipo urea ndi potassium sulfate (kapena feteleza wa nayitrogeni-potaziyamu) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati feteleza wowonjezera; 15-5-20 kapena njira yofanana nayo ingasankhidwenso ngati feteleza wowonjezera.
(2) Mulingo wa zokolola ndi wochepera 1500 kg/mu, ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa formula wa 40 kg/mu ngati feteleza woyambira; kuthira feteleza wa 3-5 kg/mu wa urea ndi 4-5 kg/mu wa potassium sulfate kuyambira siteji ya mbande mpaka siteji yokulira ya tuber, kapena kuthira feteleza wa topsulo. Ikani feteleza wa formula (15-5-20) 10 kg/mu.
(3) Mulingo wa zokolola ndi 1500-2000 kg/mu, ndipo feteleza woyambira woyenera ndi 40 kg/mu ya feteleza wa formula; feteleza pamwamba pa 5-10 kg/mu ya urea ndi 5-10 kg/mu ya potassium sulfate kuyambira siteji ya mbande mpaka siteji yokulira ya tuber, kapena feteleza pamwamba pa formula (15-5-20) 10-15 kg/mu.
(4) Mulingo wa zokolola ndi 2000-3000 kg/mu, ndipo feteleza woyambira woyenera ndi 50 kg/mu ya feteleza wa formula; feteleza pamwamba pa 5-10 kg/mu ya urea ndi 8-12 kg/mu ya potassium sulfate kuyambira siteji ya mbande mpaka siteji yokulira ya tuber, kapena feteleza pamwamba pa formula (15-5-20) 15-20 kg/mu.
(5) Mulingo wa zokolola ndi woposa 3000 kg/mu, ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa formula wa 60 kg/mu ngati feteleza woyambira; kupopera urea 10-15 kg/mu ndi potassium sulfate 10-15 kg/mu mu magawo kuyambira siteji ya mbande mpaka siteji yokulirapo ya tuber, kapena kupopera pamwamba. Ikani feteleza wa formula (15-5-20) 20-25 kg/mu.
(6) Ikani 200-500 kg ya feteleza wachilengedwe wogulitsa kapena 2-3 sikweya mita ya manyowa ovunda pa mu imodzi ngati feteleza woyambira; malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa feteleza wachilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa feteleza wamankhwala kumatha kuchepetsedwa momwe kungafunikire.
(7) Pa nthaka yosowa boron kapena yosowa zinc, 1 kg/mu ya borax kapena 1 kg/mu ya zinc sulfate ingagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-19-2022