Msika wambewu wosinthidwa ma genetic (GM) ukuyembekezeka kukula ndi $ 12.8 biliyoni pofika 2028, ndikukula kwapachaka kwa 7.08%.Kukula uku kumayendetsedwa makamaka ndi kufalikira kwazachuma komanso ukadaulo waulimi.
Msika waku North America wakula mwachangu chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo pazaulimi.Basf ndi amodzi mwa omwe amapereka mbewu zosinthidwa chibadwa zomwe zili ndi phindu lofunikira monga kuchepetsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka komanso kuteteza zamoyo zosiyanasiyana.Msika waku North America umayang'ana kwambiri zinthu monga kusavuta, zomwe ogula amakonda komanso momwe amagwiritsira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi.Malinga ndi zolosera ndi kuwunika, msika waku North America ukuchulukirachulukira, ndipo biotechnology ikuchita gawo lofunikira pakukonza gawo laulimi.
Madalaivala ofunikira amsika
Kuchulukirachulukira kwa mbewu za GM m'munda wamafuta amafuta akuyendetsa bwino msika.Ndi kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa ma biofuel, kuchuluka kwa mbeu zosinthidwa chibadwa pamsika wapadziko lonse kukuchulukiranso pang'onopang'ono.Kuphatikiza apo, ndi chidwi chochulukirachulukira pakuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha komanso kuchepetsa kusintha kwanyengo, ma biofuel omwe amachokera ku mbewu zosinthidwa ma genetic, monga chimanga, soya ndi nzimbe, akukhala ofunikira kwambiri monga magwero amphamvu ongowonjezera.
Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu zosinthidwa ma genetic zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zichuluke zokolola, kuchuluka kwamafuta ndi biomass zikuyendetsanso kukula kwa msika wapadziko lonse wokhudzana ndi biofuels.Mwachitsanzo, bioethanol yochokera ku chimanga chosinthidwa chibadwa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga mafuta owonjezera, pamene biodiesel yochokera ku soya zosinthidwa chibadwa ndi canola zimapereka njira ina yopangira mafuta opangira zinthu zoyendera ndi mafakitale.
Mayendedwe akuluakulu amsika
M'makampani opanga mbewu za GM, kuphatikiza kwaulimi wa digito ndi kusanthula kwa data kwakhala njira yomwe ikubwera komanso dalaivala wofunikira pamsika, kusintha machitidwe aulimi ndikuwonjezera mtengo wamsika wambewu za GM.
Ulimi wapa digito umagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje apamwamba monga kujambula kwa satellite, ma drones, masensa, ndi zida zaulimi zolondola kuti asonkhanitse zambiri zokhudzana ndi thanzi la nthaka, nyengo, kakulidwe ka mbewu, ndi tizirombo.Ma aligorivimu akusanthula deta kenako amakonza chidziwitsochi kuti apatse alimi mayankho otheka ndi kukhathamiritsa njira yopangira zisankho.Pankhani ya mbewu za GM, ulimi wa digito umathandizira kuyang'anira bwino ndi kuyang'anira mbewu za GM m'moyo wawo wonse.Alimi atha kugwiritsa ntchito zidziwitso zoyendetsedwa ndi data kuti asinthe momwe amabzala, kukhathamiritsa njira zobzala, komanso kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito a mbewu za GM.
Mavuto akulu amsika
Kutuluka kwa matekinoloje atsopano monga ulimi woyima kuyika chiwopsezo pakugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje azikhalidwe m'munda wa mbewu zosinthidwa ma genetic ndipo ndiye vuto lalikulu lomwe msika ukukumana nalo pakadali pano.Mosiyana ndi ulimi wamba kapena wowonjezera kutentha, ulimi woyimirira umaphatikizapo kuyika mbewu molunjika pamodzi, nthawi zambiri zophatikizidwira m'nyumba zina monga ma skyscrapers, zotengera zotumizira, kapena nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zosinthidwa.Mwanjira imeneyi, madzi okha ndi kuwala komwe kumafunikira ndi chomera kumayendetsedwa, ndipo kudalira kwa mbewu pa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, feteleza opangira, mankhwala a herbicides ndi zamoyo zosinthidwa ma genetic (Gmos) zitha kupewedwa.
Msika ndi mtundu
Kulimba kwa gawo la kulekerera kwa herbicide kukulitsa gawo la msika wa mbewu za GM.Kulekerera kwa herbicide kumathandiza mbewu kupirira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala enaake opha udzu kwinaku zikulepheretsa kukula kwa udzu.Kawirikawiri, khalidweli limatheka kudzera mu kusintha kwa majini, momwe mbewu zimapangidwira kuti zipange ma enzyme omwe amachotsa kapena kukana zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi herbicides.
Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu zolimbana ndi glyphosate, makamaka zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi Monsanto komanso zoyendetsedwa ndi Bayer, ndi zina mwa mitundu yomwe imapezeka kwambiri yosamva mankhwala ophera udzu.Mbewu zimenezi zimatha kulimbikitsa udzu bwino popanda kuwononga zomera zolimidwa.Izi zikuyembekezeka kupitiliza kuyendetsa msika mtsogolomo.
Msika ndi mankhwala
Mawonekedwe osinthika amsika amawunikidwa ndi kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi yaulimi ndi ukadaulo wa genetic engineering.Mbeu za Gm zimabweretsa zokolola zabwino monga zokolola zambiri komanso kukana kwa tizilombo, motero kuvomerezedwa ndi anthu kukukulirakulira.Mbewu zosinthidwa chibadwa monga soya, chimanga ndi thonje zasinthidwa kuti ziwonetsere makhalidwe monga kulekerera kwa herbicide ndi kukana tizilombo, kupatsa alimi njira zothetsera vutoli kuti athe kulimbana ndi tizirombo ndi udzu pamene akuwonjezera zokolola.Njira monga kuphatikana kwa majini ndi kuletsa majini mu labotale zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha ma genetic a zamoyo komanso kukulitsa mikhalidwe.Mbeu za Gm nthawi zambiri zimapangidwira kuti zisawonongeke ndi herbicide, kuchepetsa kufunika kopalira pamanja ndikuthandizira kuwonjezera zokolola.Ukadaulo uwu umatheka kudzera muukadaulo wa majini komanso kusintha kwa ma genetic pogwiritsa ntchito ma vector a ma virus monga Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Msika wa chimanga ukuyembekezeka kuwonetsa kukula kwakukulu mtsogolomo.Chimanga chimalamulira msika wapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo chikufunika kwambiri, makamaka popanga ethanol ndi chakudya cha ziweto.Kuphatikiza apo, chimanga ndicho chakudya chachikulu chopangira mafuta a ethanol.Dipatimenti ya zaulimi ku US ikuyerekeza kuti chimanga cha US chidzafika 15.1 biliyoni pachaka mu 2022, kukwera 7 peresenti kuchokera ku 2020.
Osati zokhazo, zokolola za chimanga ku US mu 2022 zidzakwera kwambiri.Zokolola zinafika ku 177.0 bushels pa ekala, kukwera kwa 5.6 bushels kuchokera ku 171.4 bushels mu 2020. Komanso, chimanga chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamakampani monga mankhwala, mapulasitiki ndi biofuels.Kusinthasintha kwake kwathandizira zokolola za chimanga m'dera lachiwiri lalikulu padziko lonse lapansi pambuyo pa tirigu ndipo akuyembekezeka kuyendetsa kukula kwa gawo la chimanga ndikupitiliza kuyendetsa msika wa mbewu za GM mtsogolomo.
Magawo ofunikira amsika
United States ndi Canada ndizomwe zimathandizira kwambiri pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu za GM ku North America.Ku United States, mbewu zosinthidwa chibadwa monga soya, chimanga, thonje ndi canola, zomwe zambiri zidapangidwa kuti zikhale ndi zinthu monga kulekerera kwa herbicide ndi kukana tizilombo, ndizo magulu omwe akukula kwambiri.Kufalikira kwa mbeu za GM kumayendetsedwa ndi zifukwa zingapo.Izi zikuphatikizapo kufunikira koonjezera zokolola, kusamalira bwino udzu ndi tizirombo, komanso chikhumbo chochepetsera chilengedwe pochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, pakati pa ena.Canada imagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamsika wachigawo, ndi mitundu ya canola ya GM yomwe imalekerera kupha herbicides yakhala mbewu yofunika kwambiri paulimi waku Canada, zomwe zimathandizira kukulitsa zokolola komanso phindu la alimi.Chifukwa chake, zinthu izi zipitiliza kuyendetsa msika wa mbewu za GM ku North America mtsogolomo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-17-2024