Msika wa mbewu zosinthidwa majini (GM) ukuyembekezeka kukula ndi $12.8 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2028, ndi kuchuluka kwa pachaka kwa 7.08%. Kukula kumeneku kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri komanso kupanga zatsopano kwa sayansi ya zaulimi.
Msika wa ku North America wakula mofulumira chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu komanso kupita patsogolo kwatsopano mu sayansi ya zaulimi. Basf ndi imodzi mwa otsogolera opereka mbewu zosinthidwa majini zomwe zili ndi ubwino wofunikira monga kuchepetsa kukokoloka kwa nthaka ndi kuteteza zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Msika wa ku North America umayang'ana kwambiri zinthu monga kusavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, zomwe ogula amakonda komanso momwe amagwiritsira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi. Malinga ndi zomwe zanenedweratu komanso kusanthula, msika wa ku North America pakadali pano ukuwonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo sayansi ya zaulimi ikuchita gawo lofunikira pakupanga gawo laulimi.
Zoyambitsa msika zazikulu
Kuwonjezeka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu za GM m'munda wa biofuels kukuonekeratu kuti kukuyendetsa msika. Chifukwa cha kufunikira kwakukulu kwa biofuels, kuchuluka kwa mbewu zosinthidwa majini pamsika wapadziko lonse kukukwera pang'onopang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha chidwi chowonjezeka pakuchepetsa mpweya woipa womwe umatulutsa komanso kuchepetsa kusintha kwa nyengo, biofuels zochokera ku mbewu zosinthidwa majini, monga chimanga, soya ndi nzimbe, zikukhala zofunika kwambiri ngati magwero a mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso.
Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu zosinthidwa majini zomwe zimapangidwa kuti ziwonjezere zokolola, kuchuluka kwa mafuta ndi biomass zikuyendetsanso kukula kwa msika wapadziko lonse wopangidwa wokhudzana ndi biofuels. Mwachitsanzo, bioethanol yochokera ku chimanga chosinthidwa majini imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chowonjezera cha mafuta, pomwe biodiesel yochokera ku soya ndi canola yosinthidwa majini imapereka njira ina m'malo mwa mafuta osungiramo zinthu zakale m'magawo oyendera ndi mafakitale.
Zochitika zazikulu pamsika
Mu makampani opanga mbewu za GM, kuphatikiza ulimi wa digito ndi kusanthula deta kwakhala njira yatsopano komanso yofunika kwambiri yoyendetsera msika, kusintha njira zaulimi ndikuwonjezera mtengo wamsika wa mbewu za GM.
Ulimi wa digito umagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapamwamba monga kujambula zithunzi za satellite, ma drone, masensa, ndi zida zolima molondola kuti asonkhanitse deta yambiri yokhudzana ndi thanzi la nthaka, momwe nyengo imakhalira, kukula kwa mbewu, ndi tizilombo. Ma algorithms osanthula deta kenako amakonza izi kuti apatse alimi mayankho otheka komanso kukonza njira zopangira zisankho. Pankhani ya mbewu za GM, ulimi wa digito umathandizira pakuwongolera bwino ndikuwunika mbewu za GM m'moyo wawo wonse. Alimi amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chozikidwa pa deta kuti asinthe njira zobzala, kukonza njira zobzala, ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito a mitundu ya mbewu za GM.
Mavuto akuluakulu pamsika
Kubuka kwa ukadaulo watsopano monga ulimi wozungulira kumaika pachiwopsezo pakugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wachikhalidwe m'munda wa mbewu zosinthidwa majini ndipo ndiye vuto lalikulu lomwe msika ukukumana nalo pakadali pano. Mosiyana ndi ulimi wachikhalidwe kapena wowonjezera kutentha, ulimi wozungulira umaphatikizapo kuyika zomera pamodzi molunjika, nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa m'nyumba zina monga nyumba zazitali, zotengera zotumizira, kapena nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zosinthidwa. Mwanjira imeneyi, madzi ndi kuwala kokha zomwe zimafunikira ndi chomera ndizomwe zimawongoleredwa, ndipo kudalira kwa chomera pa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, feteleza wopangidwa, mankhwala ophera udzu ndi zamoyo zosinthidwa majini (Gmos) kungapewedwe bwino.
Msika mwa mtundu wake
Mphamvu ya gawo lotha kupirira udzu wothira mankhwala ophera tizilombo idzawonjezera msika wa mbewu za GM. Kutha kupirira udzu wothira mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumathandiza mbewu kupirira kugwiritsa ntchito udzu winawake pamene zikuletsa kukula kwa udzu. Kawirikawiri, khalidweli limapezeka kudzera mu kusintha kwa majini, momwe mbewu zimasinthidwa majini kuti zipange ma enzyme omwe amachotsa poizoni kapena kukana zosakaniza zogwira ntchito za udzu wothira mankhwala.
Kuphatikiza apo, mbewu zosagonjetsedwa ndi glyphosate, makamaka zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi Monsanto ndipo zimayendetsedwa ndi Bayer, ndi zina mwa mitundu yolimbana ndi mankhwala ophera udzu yomwe imapezeka kwambiri. Mbewu izi zitha kulimbikitsa bwino kulamulira udzu popanda kuwononga zomera zolimidwa. Izi zikuyembekezeka kupitiliza kuyendetsa msika mtsogolo.
Msika ndi zinthu
Msika ukusintha chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi yaulimi ndi ukadaulo wa majini. Mbewu za Gm zimabweretsa mbewu zabwino monga zokolola zambiri komanso kukana tizilombo, kotero kulandiridwa ndi anthu onse kukukula. Mbewu zosinthidwa majini monga soya, chimanga ndi thonje zasinthidwa kuti ziwonetse makhalidwe monga kulekerera mankhwala ophera udzu komanso kukana tizilombo, zomwe zimapatsa alimi njira zothandiza zowathandiza kulimbana ndi tizilombo ndi udzu pamene akuwonjezera zokolola. Njira monga kulumikiza majini ndi kuletsa majini mu labotale zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kapangidwe ka majini a zamoyo ndikuwonjezera makhalidwe a majini. Mbewu za Gm nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuti zizitha kupirira mankhwala ophera udzu, kuchepetsa kufunikira kwa udzu pamanja ndikuthandizira kuchulukitsa zokolola. Ukadaulo uwu umapezeka kudzera muukadaulo wa majini ndi kusintha majini pogwiritsa ntchito ma virus vectors monga Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Msika wa chimanga ukuyembekezeka kukula kwambiri mtsogolomu. Chimanga chikulamulira msika wapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo chikufunidwa kwambiri, makamaka popanga ethanol ndi chakudya cha ziweto. Kuphatikiza apo, chimanga ndiye chakudya chachikulu chopangira ethanol. Dipatimenti ya Ulimi ku US ikuyerekeza kuti kupanga chimanga ku US kudzafika ma bushel 15.1 biliyoni pachaka mu 2022, kukwera ndi 7 peresenti kuchokera mu 2020.
Sikuti zokhazo, zokolola za chimanga ku US mu 2022 zidzafika pamwamba kwambiri. Zokolola zinafika ma bushel 177.0 pa ekala, zomwe zinakwera ndi ma bushel 5.6 kuchokera pa ma bushel 171.4 mu 2020. Kuphatikiza apo, chimanga chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale monga mankhwala, mapulasitiki ndi biofuel. Kusinthasintha kwake kwathandizira kuti chimanga chibereke m'dera lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi pambuyo pa tirigu ndipo chikuyembekezeka kukweza kukula kwa gawo la chimanga ndikupitiliza kuyendetsa msika wa mbewu za GM mtsogolomu.
Madera ofunikira pamsika
Dziko la United States ndi Canada ndi omwe akutsogolera kwambiri pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu za GM ku North America. Ku United States, mbewu zosinthidwa majini monga soya, chimanga, thonje ndi canola, zomwe zambiri mwa izo zasinthidwa majini kuti zikhale ndi zinthu monga kupirira mankhwala ophera udzu komanso kukana tizilombo, ndi magulu omwe amakula kwambiri. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mbewu za GM kukuchitika chifukwa cha zinthu zingapo. Izi zikuphatikizapo kufunika kowonjezera zokolola, kuthana ndi udzu ndi tizilombo toononga, komanso chikhumbo chochepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe pochepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, pakati pa zina. Canada imagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamsika wachigawo, pomwe mitundu ya GM canola yomwe imalekerera mankhwala ophera udzu yakhala mbewu yofunika kwambiri muulimi waku Canada, zomwe zimathandiza kuwonjezera zokolola komanso phindu la alimi. Chifukwa chake, zinthuzi zipitiliza kuyendetsa msika wa mbewu za GM ku North America mtsogolo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-17-2024