Florfenicolndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi monofluoro ochokera ku thiamphenicol, mawonekedwe a molekyulu ndi C12H14Cl2FNO4S, ufa woyera kapena woyera pang'ono, wopanda fungo, wosungunuka pang'ono m'madzi ndi chloroform, wosungunuka pang'ono mu glacial acetic acid, wosungunuka mu Methanol, ethanol. Ndi mankhwala atsopano opha tizilombo a chloramphenicol ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ziweto, omwe adapangidwa bwino kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980.
Inayamba kugulitsidwa ku Japan mu 1990. Mu 1993, Norway idavomereza mankhwalawa kuti azichiza furuncle ya nsomba ya salimoni. Mu 1995, France, United Kingdom, Austria, Mexico ndi Spain adavomereza mankhwalawa kuti azichiza matenda a mabakiteriya opumira a ng'ombe. Adavomerezedwanso kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chakudya chowonjezera cha nkhumba ku Japan ndi Mexico popewa ndikuchiza matenda a mabakiteriya mu nkhumba, ndipo China tsopano yavomereza mankhwalawa.
Ndi mankhwala opha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tigwire ntchito kwambiri poletsa ntchito ya peptidyltransferase, ndipo ali ndi ma bacteria osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ma antibiotic osiyanasiyana.Gram-positivendi mabakiteriya oipa ndi mycoplasma. Mabakiteriya owopsa ndi monga ng'ombe ndi nkhumba Haemophilus,Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Pneumococcus, Influenza bacillus, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus, Chlamydia, Leptospira, Rickettsia, ndi zina zotero. Mankhwalawa amatha kufalikira m'maselo a bakiteriya kudzera mu kusungunuka kwa mafuta m'thupi, makamaka amagwira ntchito pa gawo la 50s la ribosome ya bakiteriya ya m'ma 70s, amaletsa transpeptidase, amalepheretsa kukula kwa peptidase, amaletsa mapangidwe a unyolo wa peptide, motero amaletsa kupanga mapuloteni, kukwaniritsa cholinga cha antibacterial. Mankhwalawa amatengedwa mwachangu ndi kumwa, amafalikira kwambiri, amakhala ndi theka la moyo, amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mankhwala m'magazi, komanso nthawi yayitali yosamalira mankhwala m'magazi.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, ma famu ambiri ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati a nkhumba agwiritsa ntchito florfenicol pochiza mosasamala kanthu za momwe nkhumba zilili, ndipo agwiritsa ntchito florfenicol ngati mankhwala amatsenga. Ndipotu, izi ndizoopsa kwambiri. Zili ndi zotsatira zabwino zochizira matenda a nkhumba omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya a Gram-positive ndi negative ndi mycoplasma, makamaka pambuyo pophatikiza florfenicol ndi doxycycline, zotsatira zake zimawonjezeka, ndipo zimathandiza pochiza nkhumba zomwe zimayambitsa chifuwa cha nkhumba zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a rhinitis. Cocci, ndi zina zotero zimakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zochizira.
Komabe, chifukwa chake kugwiritsa ntchito florfenicol nthawi zonse n'koopsa ndichakuti pali zotsatirapo zambiri za florfenicol, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito florfenicol kwa nthawi yayitali kumawononga kwambiri kuposa kupindulitsa. Mwachitsanzo, abwenzi a nkhumba sayenera kunyalanyaza mfundo izi.
1. Ngati pali matenda opatsirana monga matenda a nkhumba otchedwa pseudorabies. Matenda a nkhumba okhala ndi mphete ya blue ear ring m'famu ya nkhumba, kugwiritsa ntchito florfenicol pochiza matenda amenewa nthawi zambiri kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri, choncho ngati matenda omwe ali pamwambawa ali ndi kachilomboka ndipo ayamba kufalikira. Mukadwala matenda ena a nkhumba, musagwiritse ntchito florfenicol pochiza matendawo, izi zidzawonjezera matendawa.
2. Florfenicol imasokoneza dongosolo lathu la magazi ndikuletsa kupanga maselo ofiira m'magazi, makamaka ngati nkhumba zathu zoyamwitsa zili ndi chimfine kapena kutupa kwa mafupa. Mtundu wa tsitsi la nkhumba si wowoneka bwino, wokazinga, komanso umasonyeza zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, umapangitsanso nkhumba kusadya nthawi yayitali, ndikupanga nkhumba yolimba.
3. Florfenicol ndi poizoni kwa ana aang'ono. Ngati florfenicol imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri panthawi ya mimba mwa nkhumba zamphongo, ana a nkhumba omwe amatuluka amalephera kugwira ntchito.
4. Kugwiritsa ntchito florfenicol kwa nthawi yayitali kungayambitse matenda am'mimba komanso kutsegula m'mimba mwa nkhumba.
5. N'zosavuta kuyambitsa matenda ena, monga exudative dermatitis yomwe imayamba chifukwa cha matenda a staphylococcus mu nkhumba kapena matenda ena a bowa a dermatitis.
Mwachidule, florfenicol sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala wamba. Tikagwiritsa ntchito maantibayotiki ena omwe alibe mphamvu ndipo ali ndi tanthauzo losiyanasiyana (expel virus), tingagwiritse ntchito florfenicol ndi doxycycline. Acupuncture imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osachiritsika, ndipo sikulimbikitsidwa pazochitika zina.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-14-2022