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Zomera zokongoletsa zamasamba zowoneka bwino zimayamikiridwa kwambiri.Njira imodzi yokwaniritsira izi ndikugwiritsa ntchitozowongolera kukula kwa zomeramonga zida zoyendetsera kukula kwa mbewu.Kafukufukuyu adachitika pa Schefflera dwarf (chomera chamasamba chokongola) chopangidwa ndi zopopera zamasamba.gibberellik asidindi hormone ya benzyladenine mu wowonjezera kutentha wokhala ndi njira yothirira nkhungu.Hormoniyi idapopera masamba a schefflera yaying'ono pamlingo wa 0, 100 ndi 200 mg/l m'magawo atatu masiku 15 aliwonse.Kuyesera kunachitika pamaziko opangidwa mwachisawawa kwathunthu ndi kubwereza zinayi.Kuphatikiza kwa gibberellic acid ndi benzyladenine pa ndende ya 200 mg / l kunakhudza kwambiri chiwerengero cha masamba, masamba ndi kutalika kwa zomera.Chithandizochi chinapangitsanso kuti pakhale mitundu yambiri ya photosynthetic pigment.Komanso, ziŵerengero zapamwamba za sungunuka chakudya chakudya ndi kuchepetsa shuga ankaona ndi benzyladenine pa 100 ndi 200 mg/L ndi gibberellic asidi + benzyladenine pa 200 mg/L.Kusanthula kosinthika kwa Stepwise kunawonetsa kuti voliyumu ya mizu inali yosinthika yoyamba kulowa muchitsanzo, kufotokoza 44% ya kusiyanasiyana.Chotsatira chotsatira chinali mizu yatsopano, ndi mtundu wa bivariate wofotokozera 63% ya kusiyana kwa masamba.Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pamasamba amasamba zidakhala ndi kulemera kwa mizu yatsopano (0.43), yomwe idalumikizidwa bwino ndi nambala yamasamba (0.47).Zotsatira zinasonyeza kuti gibberellic acid ndi benzyladenine pa ndende ya 200 mg / l imathandizira kwambiri kukula kwa morphological, chlorophyll ndi carotenoid synthesis ya Liriodendron tulipifera, ndikuchepetsa zomwe zili ndi shuga ndi chakudya chosungunuka.
Schefflera arborescens (Hayata) Merr ndi chomera chobiriwira nthawi zonse cha banja la Araliaceae, wobadwira ku China ndi Taiwan1.Chomerachi nthawi zambiri chimabzalidwa ngati chobzala m'nyumba, koma chomera chimodzi chokha chimatha kumera mumikhalidwe yotere.Masamba ali ndi timapepala 5 mpaka 16, iliyonse 10-20 cm2 yaitali.Dwarf Schefflera amagulitsidwa mochuluka chaka chilichonse, koma njira zamakono zamaluwa sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito zowongolera zakukula kwa mbewu ngati zida zowongolera zowongolera kukula komanso kupanga kosatha kwazinthu zamaluwa kumafuna chidwi chochulukirapo.Masiku ano, kugwiritsa ntchito zowongolera kukula kwa zomera kwakula kwambiri3,4,5.Gibberellic acid ndi chowongolera kukula kwa mbewu chomwe chimatha kuwonjezera zokolola za mbewu6.Chimodzi mwazotsatira zake zodziwika ndikukondoweza kwa zomera, kuphatikizapo kutalika kwa tsinde ndi mizu ndi kuchuluka kwa masamba7.Chofunikira kwambiri cha gibberellins ndikuwonjezeka kwa tsinde chifukwa cha kutalika kwa ma internodes.Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa gibberellins pa zomera zazing'ono zomwe sizitha kutulutsa gibberellins kumabweretsa kukula kwa tsinde ndi kutalika kwa mbewu8.Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa maluwa ndi masamba okhala ndi gibberellic acid pamlingo wa 500 mg/l kumatha kukulitsa kutalika kwa mbewu, kuchuluka, m'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa masamba9.Ma Gibberellins akuti amalimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu zosiyanasiyana zamasamba10.Kutalika kwa tsinde kunkawoneka mu Scots pine (Pinussylvestris) ndi white spruce (Piceaglauca) pamene masamba adapopera ndi gibberellic acid11.
Kafukufuku wina adawunikira zotsatira za zowongolera zitatu za cytokinin za kukula kwa nthambi pakupanga nthambi ku Lily officinalis.bend Zoyeserera zidachitika m'dzinja ndi masika kuti aphunzire zotsatira zanyengo.Zotsatira zinasonyeza kuti kinetin, benzyladenine ndi 2-prenyladenine sizinakhudze mapangidwe a nthambi zina.Komabe, 500 ppm benzyladenine zinachititsa mapangidwe 12,2 ndi 8.2 nthambi wocheperapo m'dzinja ndi kasupe zatsopano, motero, poyerekeza 4,9 ndi 3,9 nthambi mu ulamuliro zomera.Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti machiritso a m’chilimwe ndi othandiza kwambiri kuposa m’nyengo yozizira12.Mu kuyesa kwina, Peace Lily var.Zomera za Tassone zidathandizidwa ndi 0, 250 ndi 500 ppm benzyladenine mumiphika ya 10 masentimita awiri.Zotsatira zinasonyeza kuti chithandizo cha nthaka chinawonjezeka kwambiri chiwerengero cha masamba owonjezera poyerekeza ndi kulamulira ndi zomera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi benzyladenine.Masamba owonjezera atsopano adawonedwa patatha milungu inayi atalandira chithandizo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa masamba kumawonedwa pakatha milungu isanu ndi itatu mutatha chithandizo.Pakatha milungu 20 kuchiza, mbewu zothiridwa ndi nthaka zinali ndi utali wocheperako poyerekeza ndi mbewu zomwe zidakonzedwa kale13.Ananena kuti benzyladenine pa ndende ya 20 mg/L akhoza kwambiri kuonjezera kutalika kwa mbewu ndi nambala ya masamba ku Croton 14. Mu calla maluwa, benzyladenine pa ndende ya 500 ppm inachititsa kuti chiwerengero cha nthambi chiwonjezeke. a nthambi anali ochepa mu gulu lolamulira15.Cholinga cha kafukufukuyu chinali kufufuza kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa gibberellic acid ndi benzyladenine kuti apititse patsogolo kukula kwa Schefflera dwarfa, chomera chokongoletsera.Izi zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu zitha kuthandiza alimi amalonda kukonzekera zokolola zoyenera chaka chonse.Palibe maphunziro omwe adachitika kuti apititse patsogolo kukula kwa Liriodendron tulipifera.
Kafukufukuyu adachitika mu greenhouse yofufuza za zomera za m'nyumba ya Islamic Azad University ku Jiloft, Iran.Mizu yamtundu umodzi wa schefflera 25 ± 5 cm muutali idakonzedwa (yofalitsidwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi isanachitike) ndikufesedwa mumiphika.Mphikawo ndi pulasitiki, wakuda, wokhala ndi mainchesi 20 cm ndi kutalika kwa 30 cm16.
Chikhalidwe mu phunziroli chinali chisakanizo cha peat, humus, mchenga wotsukidwa ndi mankhusu a mpunga mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1: 1: 1 (ndi voliyumu)16.Ikani timiyala ting'onoting'ono pansi pa mphika kuti mukhetse madzi.Kutentha kwapakati pa masana ndi usiku mu wowonjezera kutentha kumapeto kwa masika ndi chilimwe kunali 32±2°C ndi 28±2°C, motsatana.Chinyezi chofananira chimafikira ku 70%.Gwiritsani ntchito misting system yothirira.Pafupifupi, zomera zimamwetsedwa 12 pa tsiku.M'dzinja ndi chilimwe, nthawi ya kuthirira kulikonse ndi mphindi 8, nthawi yothirira ndi ola limodzi.Zomera zimakulanso kanayi, masabata a 2, 4, 6 ndi 8 mutabzala, ndi yankho la micronutrient (Ghoncheh Co., Iran) pamagulu a 3 ppm ndikuthiriridwa ndi 100 ml ya yankho nthawi iliyonse.Njira yothetsera michere ili ndi N 8 ppm, P 4 ppm, K 5 ppm ndi kufufuza zinthu Fe, Pb, Zn, Mn, Mo ndi B.
Miyezo itatu ya gibberellic acid ndi benzyladenine yowongolera kukula kwa mbewu (yogulidwa ku Sigma) idakonzedwa pa 0, 100 ndi 200 mg/L ndikupopera mbewuzo pamasamba mu magawo atatu pakadutsa masiku 1517.Pakati pa 20 (0.1%) (yogulidwa ku Sigma) idagwiritsidwa ntchito mu njira yothetsera moyo wautali ndi kuyamwa.M'mawa kwambiri, tsitsani mahomoni pamasamba ndi masamba a Liriodendron tulipifera pogwiritsa ntchito sprayer.Zomera zimathiridwa ndi madzi osungunuka.
Kutalika kwa mbewu, kutalika kwa tsinde, dera la masamba, ma chlorophyll, kuchuluka kwa internodes, kutalika kwa nthambi zachiwiri, kuchuluka kwa nthambi zachiwiri, kuchuluka kwa mizu, kutalika kwa masamba, masamba, mizu, tsinde ndi zinthu zouma zatsopano, zomwe zili mu photosynthetic pigment (chlorophyll). a, chlorophyll b) Total chlorophyll, carotenoids, total pigments), kuchepetsa mashuga ndi ma carbohydrate osungunuka anayesedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana.
Kuchuluka kwa chlorophyll m'masamba ang'onoang'ono kudayezedwa patatha masiku 180 kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pogwiritsa ntchito chlorophyll mita (Spad CL-01) kuyambira 9:30 mpaka 10 am (chifukwa cha kutsitsimuka kwa masamba).Kuphatikiza apo, malo amasamba adayezedwa patatha masiku 180 pambuyo popopera mbewu mankhwalawa.Yesani masamba atatu kuchokera pamwamba, pakati ndi pansi pa tsinde kuchokera mphika uliwonse.Masambawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma templates pa pepala la A4 ndipo zotsatira zake zimadulidwa.Kulemera ndi kumtunda kwa pepala limodzi la A4 adayesedwanso.Kenako dera la masamba opangidwa ndi stenciled limawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito magawo.Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa mizu kumatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito silinda yomaliza.Kulemera kwa masamba, kulemera kwa tsinde, kulemera kwa mizu, ndi kulemera kwathunthu kwa chitsanzo chilichonse kunayesedwa ndi kuyanika mu uvuni pa 72 ° C kwa maola 48.
Zomwe zili mu chlorophyll ndi carotenoids zidayesedwa ndi njira ya Lichtenthaler18.Kuti achite izi, 0,1 g wa masamba atsopano adadulidwa mumatope adothi okhala ndi 15 ml ya 80% acetone, ndipo atatha kusefa, kuchuluka kwawo kwa kuwala kumayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito spectrophotometer pamtunda wa 663.2, 646.8 ndi 470 nm.Yang'anirani chipangizocho pogwiritsa ntchito 80% acetone.Kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa utoto wa photosynthetic pogwiritsa ntchito equation iyi:
Mwa iwo, Chl a, Chl b, Chl T ndi Car imayimira chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll yonse ndi carotenoids, motsatana.Zotsatira zimaperekedwa mu mg/ml chomera.
Kuchepetsa shuga kunayesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya Somogy19.Kuti muchite izi, 0,02 g ya mphukira za zomera zimayikidwa mu matope adothi ndi 10 ml ya madzi osungunuka ndikutsanulira mu galasi laling'ono.Tenthetsani galasilo kuti liwiritse ndikusefa zomwe zili mkatimo pogwiritsa ntchito pepala losefera la Whatman No. 1 kuti mupeze chotsitsa cha mbewu.Tumizani 2 ml ya chotsitsa chilichonse mu chubu choyesera ndikuwonjezera 2 ml ya mkuwa wa sulphate yankho.Phimbani chubu choyesera ndi ubweya wa thonje ndi kutentha m'madzi osamba pa 100 ° C kwa mphindi 20.Panthawiyi, Cu2+ imasinthidwa kukhala Cu2O pochepetsa aldehyde monosaccharide ndipo mtundu wa salimoni (terracotta) umawoneka pansi pa chubu choyesera.Chubu choyezera chikazizira, onjezerani 2 ml ya phosphomolybdic acid ndipo mtundu wabuluu udzawonekera.Gwirani chubu mwamphamvu mpaka mtunduwo ugawidwe mofanana mu chubu chonsecho.Werengani kuyamwa kwa yankho pa 600 nm pogwiritsa ntchito spectrophotometer.
Yerengani kuchuluka kwa mashuga ochepetsa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yokhotakhota.Kuchuluka kwa ma carbohydrate osungunuka kumatsimikiziridwa ndi njira ya Fales20.Kuti tichite izi, 0,1 g wa zikumera anali wothira 2.5 ml ya 80% Mowa pa 90 °C kwa mphindi 60 (magawo awiri a 30 min aliyense) kuchotsa sungunuka chakudya.Chotsitsacho chimasefedwa ndipo mowawo umasanduka nthunzi.Zotsatira zake zimasungunuka mu 2.5 ml ya madzi osungunuka.Thirani 200 ml ya chitsanzo chilichonse mu chubu choyesera ndikuwonjezera 5 ml ya chizindikiro cha anthrone.Chosakanizacho chinayikidwa mumadzi osamba pa 90 ° C kwa mphindi 17, ndipo pambuyo pozizira, kuyamwa kwake kunatsimikiziridwa pa 625 nm.
Kuyesera kunali kuyesera kwa factorial kutengera kapangidwe kosasinthika kwathunthu ndi zobwereza zinayi.Dongosolo la PROC UNIVARIATE limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti liwone momwe kugawa kwa data kumagawidwira musanayambe kusanthula kusiyanasiyana.Kusanthula kwachiwerengero kunayamba ndi kusanthula kofotokozera kuti timvetsetse mtundu wa data yomwe yasonkhanitsidwa.Mawerengero amapangidwa kuti azisavuta komanso kupanikizira ma data akulu akulu kuti azitha kumasulira mosavuta.Pambuyo pake, kusanthula kovuta kwambiri kunachitika.Kuyesa kwa Duncan kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya SPSS (mtundu wa 24; IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) kuti awerengere mabwalo ofunikira ndi zolakwika zoyesera kuti adziwe kusiyana pakati pa seti za data.Mayeso angapo a Duncan (DMRT) adagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira kusiyana pakati pa njira pamlingo wofunikira wa (0.05 ≤ p).Pearson corelation coefficient ( r ) adawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya SPSS (mtundu wa 26; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) kuti awunike kugwirizana pakati pa magawo awiri osiyana a magawo.Kuphatikiza apo, kusanthula kwa mzere kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya SPSS (v.26) kulosera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chaka choyamba kutengera zomwe zasintha zaka zachiwiri.Kumbali inayi, kusanthula kwapang'onopang'ono ndi p <0.01 kudachitika kuti azindikire mikhalidwe yomwe imakhudza kwambiri masamba a schefflera.Kusanthula njira kunachitika kuti mudziwe zotsatira zachindunji ndi zosalunjika za chikhalidwe chilichonse mu chitsanzo (kutengera makhalidwe omwe amafotokoza bwino kusiyana kwake).Mawerengedwe onse omwe ali pamwambawa (kawirikawiri kagawidwe ka deta, coefficient coefficient coefficient, stepwise regression and path analysis) anachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya SPSS V.26.
Zitsanzo za zomera zomwe zasankhidwa zinali zogwirizana ndi ndondomeko za mabungwe, mayiko ndi mayiko komanso malamulo apakhomo aku Iran.
Table 1 ikuwonetsa ziwerengero zofotokozera za kusiyanasiyana, kupotoza koyenera, kuchepera, kuchuluka, kuchuluka, ndi phenotypic coefficient of variation (CV) yamitundu yosiyanasiyana.Pakati paziwerengerozi, CV imalola kufananitsa zikhalidwe chifukwa ndizopanda malire.Kuchepetsa shuga (40.39%), kulemera kwa mizu (37.32%), kulemera kwa mizu (37.30%), shuga ndi shuga (30.20%) ndi mizu (30%) ndizopamwamba kwambiri.ndi chlorophyll zili (9.88%).) ndipo dera lamasamba lili ndi index yayikulu kwambiri (11.77%) ndipo imakhala ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri wa CV.Table 1 ikuwonetsa kuti kulemera kwathunthu kwanyowa kumakhala ndi mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri.Komabe, khalidweli lilibe CV yapamwamba kwambiri.Chifukwa chake, ma metric opanda miyeso monga CV akuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kufananiza kusintha kwa mawonekedwe.CV yapamwamba imasonyeza kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mankhwala amtunduwu.Zotsatira za kuyesaku zinawonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa chithandizo cha shuga chochepa pamizu yowuma, kulemera kwa mizu yatsopano, chiŵerengero cha carbohydrate ndi shuga, ndi makhalidwe a mizu.
Zotsatira za ANOVA zimasonyeza kuti poyerekeza ndi kulamulira, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi gibberellic acid ndi benzyladenine kunakhudza kwambiri kutalika kwa zomera, chiwerengero cha masamba, malo a masamba, kuchuluka kwa mizu, kutalika kwa mizu, chlorophyll index, kulemera kwatsopano ndi kulemera kowuma.
Kuyerekeza kwamitengo yofananira kunawonetsa kuti owongolera kukula kwa mbewu adakhudza kwambiri kutalika kwa mbewu ndi nambala yamasamba.The kwambiri mankhwala anali gibberellic asidi pa ndende ya 200 mg/l ndi gibberellic asidi + benzyladenine pa ndende ya 200 mg/l.Poyerekeza ndi kulamulira, kutalika kwa zomera ndi chiwerengero cha masamba chinawonjezeka ndi nthawi 32.92 ndi nthawi 62.76, motero (Table 2).
Dera la masamba limachulukirachulukira m'mitundu yonse poyerekeza ndi kuwongolera, ndikuwonjezeka kwakukulu komwe kumawonedwa pa 200 mg/l kwa gibberellic acid, kufika 89.19 cm2.Zotsatira zinawonetsa kuti dera la masamba linakula kwambiri ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kukula kwa ndondomeko ya kukula (Table 2).
Mankhwala onse amachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mizu ndi kutalika kwake poyerekeza ndi kuwongolera.Kuphatikiza kwa gibberellic acid + benzyladenine kunali ndi zotsatirapo zazikulu, kuonjezera voliyumu ndi kutalika kwa muzu ndi theka poyerekeza ndi kulamulira (Table 2).
The apamwamba kwambiri tsinde awiri ndi internode kutalika ankaona mu ulamuliro ndi gibberellic asidi + benzyladenine 200 mg/l mankhwala, motero.
Mlozera wa chlorophyll unakula m'mitundu yonse poyerekeza ndi kuwongolera.Mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wa khalidweli unkawoneka pothandizidwa ndi gibberellic acid + benzyladenine 200 mg / l, yomwe inali 30,21% kuposa kulamulira (Table 2).
Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti mankhwalawa adayambitsa kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mtundu wa pigment, kuchepa kwa shuga ndi ma carbohydrate osungunuka.
Chithandizo cha gibberellic acid + benzyladenine chinapangitsa kuti pazipita zili photosynthetic inki.Chizindikiro ichi chinali chokwera kwambiri pamitundu yonse kuposa momwe amawongolera.
Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti mankhwala onse amatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa chlorophyll mu Schefflera dwarf.Komabe, mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wamtunduwu udawonedwa pochiza gibberellic acid + benzyladenine, yomwe inali 36,95% kuposa kuwongolera (Table 3).
Zotsatira za chlorophyll b zinali zofanana kwambiri ndi zotsatira za chlorophyll a, kusiyana kokha kunali kuwonjezeka kwa zomwe zili mu chlorophyll b, zomwe zinali 67.15% kuposa momwe zimakhalira (Table 3).
Chithandizocho chinapangitsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa chlorophyll yonse poyerekeza ndi kulamulira.Kuchiza ndi gibberellic acid 200 mg / l + benzyladenine 100 mg / l kunayambitsa mtengo wapamwamba wa khalidweli, lomwe linali 50% kuposa kulamulira (Table 3).Malingana ndi zotsatira zake, kulamulira ndi kuchiza ndi benzyladenine pa mlingo wa 100 mg / l kunayambitsa miyeso yapamwamba kwambiri ya khalidweli.Liriodendron tulipifera ali ndi mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wa carotenoids (Table 3).
The zotsatira anasonyeza kuti pamene ankachitira ndi gibberellic asidi pa ndende ya 200 mg/L, zili chlorophyll kwambiri kuchuluka kwa chlorophyll b (mkuyu. 1).
Zotsatira za gibberellic acid ndi benzyladenine pa a/b Ch.Kuchuluka kwa schefflera yaying'ono.(GA3: gibberellic acid ndi BA: benzyladenine).Zilembo zomwezo mu chithunzi chilichonse zimasonyeza kuti kusiyana sikofunikira (P <0.01).
Zotsatira za chithandizo chilichonse pamtengo watsopano ndi wowuma wa nkhuni zazing'ono za schefflera zinali zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa zomwe zimawongolera.Gibberellic acid + benzyladenine pa 200 mg / L inali mankhwala othandiza kwambiri, kuwonjezera kulemera kwatsopano ndi 138,45% poyerekeza ndi kulamulira.Poyerekeza ndi kulamulira, mankhwala onse kupatula 100 mg / L benzyladenine kwambiri anawonjezera chomera youma kulemera, ndi 200 mg / L gibberellic acid + benzyladenine zinachititsa kuti mtengo wapatali kwambiri khalidwe limeneli (Table 4).
Zambiri mwazosiyana zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi kulamulira pankhaniyi, ndi makhalidwe apamwamba kwambiri a 100 ndi 200 mg / l benzyladenine ndi 200 mg / l gibberellic acid + benzyladenine (mkuyu 2).
Mphamvu ya gibberellic acid ndi benzyladenine pa chiŵerengero cha chakudya chosungunuka ndi kuchepetsa shuga mu schefflera yaing'ono.(GA3: gibberellic acid ndi BA: benzyladenine).Zilembo zomwezo pachithunzi chilichonse siziwonetsa kusiyana kwakukulu (P <0.01).
Kusanthula kwapang'onopang'ono kunachitika kuti adziwe zomwe zili zenizeni ndikumvetsetsa bwino ubale pakati pa zosintha zodziyimira pawokha ndi nambala yamasamba mu Liriodendron tulipifera.Voliyumu ya mizu inali kusinthika koyamba komwe kunalowetsedwa, kufotokoza 44% ya kusiyanasiyana.Chotsatira chotsatira chinali kulemera kwa mizu yatsopano, ndipo mitundu iwiriyi inafotokozera 63% ya kusiyana kwa chiwerengero cha masamba (Table 5).
Kusanthula njira kunachitika kuti kutanthauzira bwino kuyambiranso kwapang'onopang'ono (Table 6 ndi Chithunzi 3).Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri pamasamba zimalumikizidwa ndi mizu yatsopano (0.43), yomwe idalumikizidwa bwino ndi nambala yamasamba (0.47).Izi zikusonyeza kuti khalidwe limeneli limakhudza kwambiri zokolola, pamene zotsatira zake zosalunjika kudzera mu makhalidwe ena n'zosafunika, komanso kuti khalidweli likhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yosankha pamapulogalamu oweta a dwarf schefflera.Zotsatira zachindunji za kuchuluka kwa mizu zinali zoipa (−0.67).Chikoka cha chikhalidwe ichi pa chiwerengero cha masamba ndi cholunjika, chikoka chosalunjika ndi chochepa.Izi zikusonyeza kuti muzu wokulirapo, masambawo amakhala ochepa.
Chithunzi 4 chikuwonetsa kusintha kwa mzere wa mzere wa mizu ndi kuchepetsa shuga.Malinga ndi regression coefficient, gawo lililonse likusintha kutalika kwa mizu ndi ma carbohydrate osungunuka kumatanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa mizu ndi kuchepetsa shuga kumasintha ndi mayunitsi 0.6019 ndi 0.311.
Pearson coefficient coefficient of growth ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 5. Zotsatira zinasonyeza kuti chiwerengero cha masamba ndi kutalika kwa zomera (0.379 *) chinali ndi mgwirizano wapamwamba kwambiri komanso wofunika kwambiri.
Mapu otentha a ubale pakati pa kusinthika kwa kukula kwa ma coefficients ogwirizana.# Y Axis: 1-Index Ch., 2-Internode, 3-LAI, 4-N masamba, 5-Kutalika kwa miyendo, 6-Stem awiri.# Pamphepete mwa X: A - index H., B - mtunda pakati pa mfundo, C - LAY, D - N. ya tsamba, E - kutalika kwa mwendo wa thalauza, F - m'mimba mwake mwa tsinde.
Pearson coefficient coefficient for the wonyowa kulemera zikhumbo akuwonetsedwa Chithunzi 6. Zotsatira zimasonyeza ubale pakati pa tsamba lonyowa kulemera ndi pamwamba pa nthaka youma kulemera (0.834 **), kulemera kwathunthu youma (0.913 **) ndi mizu youma kulemera (0.562 *) )..Kuchuluka kowuma kokwanira kumakhala ndi kulumikizana kwapamwamba komanso kofunikira kwambiri ndi mphukira youma (0.790**) ndi kuuma kwa mizu (0.741**).
Mapu akutentha a ubale pakati pa zosintha zatsopano zolumikizirana zolemetsa.# Y axis: 1 - kulemera kwa masamba atsopano, 2 - kulemera kwa masamba atsopano, 3 - kulemera kwa mizu yatsopano, 4 - kulemera kwa masamba atsopano.# X-axis imayimira: A - kulemera kwa masamba atsopano, B - kulemera kwa masamba atsopano, CW - kulemera kwa mizu yatsopano, D - kulemera kwatsopano.
Ma coefficients ogwirizana a Pearson pazikhumbo zokhudzana ndi kulemera kowuma akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 7. Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti masamba owuma, kulemera kwa bud (0.848 **) ndi kulemera kwake konse (0.947 **), kulemera kwa bud (0.854 **) ndi misa yowuma yonse (0.781 **) ili ndi zikhalidwe zapamwamba kwambiri.kulumikizana kwabwino komanso kulumikizana kwakukulu.
Mapu otentha a maubwenzi pakati pa zosintha zofananira za kulemera kowuma.# Y axis imayimira: 1-tsamba lowuma lolemera, 2-bud youma kulemera, 3-mizu youma kulemera, 4-yonse youma kulemera.# X Axis: Kulemera kwa masamba a A-tsamba, kulemera kwa B-bud, kulemera kwa mizu ya CW, kulemera kowuma kwa D.
Pearson coefficient coefficient of pigment properties ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 8. Zotsatira zimasonyeza kuti chlorophyll a ndi chlorophyll b (0.716 **), chlorophyll yonse (0.968 **) ndi mitundu yonse ya pigment (0.954 **);chlorophyll b ndi chlorophyll yonse (0.868 **) ndi mitundu yonse ya inki (0.851 **);chlorophyll yonse imakhala ndi kulumikizana kwabwino kwambiri komanso kofunikira kwambiri ndi utoto wonse (0.984**).
Mapu otentha a ubale pakati pa ma chlorophyll coefficient coefficient variables.# Y axes: 1- Channel a, 2- Channel.b,3 - a/b chiŵerengero, 4 njira.Total, 5-carotenoids, 6-zokolola inki.# X-Axes: A-Ch.aB-Ch.b, C- a/b chiŵerengero, D-Ch.Zonse zili, E-carotenoids, F-zokolola zamitundu.
Dwarf Schefflera ndi chomera chodziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kukula kwake ndi kakulidwe kake kakuyang'aniridwa kwambiri.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zowongolera zakukula kwa zomera kunapangitsa kusiyana kwakukulu, ndi mankhwala onse akuwonjezera kutalika kwa zomera poyerekeza ndi kulamulira.Ngakhale kutalika kwa mbewu nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa ndi majini, kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu kumatha kukulitsa kapena kuchepetsa kutalika kwa mbewu.Chomera kutalika ndi chiwerengero cha masamba mankhwala ndi gibberellic asidi + benzyladenine 200 mg/L anali apamwamba, kufika 109 masentimita ndi 38,25, motero.Mogwirizana ndi maphunziro apitalo (SalehiSardoei et al.52) ndi Spathiphyllum23, kuwonjezereka kofanana kwa msinkhu wa zomera chifukwa cha mankhwala a gibberellic acid kunawonedwa mu marigolds odulidwa, albus alba21, daylilies22, daylilies, agarwood ndi maluwa amtendere.
Gibberellic acid (GA) imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pazochitika zosiyanasiyana za thupi la zomera.Amathandizira kugawanika kwa maselo, kutalika kwa maselo, kutalika kwa tsinde ndi kukula kwa kukula24.GA imapangitsa kugawanika kwa ma cell ndi kutalika kwa ma apices ndi ma meristems25.Kusintha kwa masamba kumaphatikizanso kuchepa kwa tsinde, kukula kwa masamba ang'onoang'ono, ndi mtundu wobiriwira wonyezimira26.Kafukufuku wogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoletsa kapena zolimbikitsa awonetsa kuti ayoni a calcium ochokera kuzinthu zamkati amakhala ngati amithenga achiwiri munjira yolumikizira gibberellin mu sorghum corolla27.HA imachulukitsa kutalika kwa mbewu polimbikitsa kaphatikizidwe ka michere yomwe imayambitsa kupumula kwa khoma la cell, monga XET kapena XTH, expansins ndi PME28.Izi zimapangitsa kuti ma cell akule pomwe khoma la cell limamasuka ndipo madzi amalowa mu cell29.Kugwiritsa ntchito GA7, GA3 ndi GA4 kumatha kukulitsa kutalika kwa tsinde30,31.Gibberellic acid imayambitsa kutalika kwa tsinde mu zomera zazing'ono, ndipo mu rosette imalepheretsa kukula kwa masamba ndi kutalika kwa internode32.Komabe, nthawi yobereka isanafike, kutalika kwa tsinde kumawonjezeka kufika 4-5 kutalika kwake koyambirira33.Njira ya GA biosynthesis muzomera ikufotokozedwa mwachidule mu Chithunzi 9.
GA biosynthesis muzomera ndi milingo ya endogenous bioactive GA, kuyimira kwadongosolo kwa zomera (kumanja) ndi GA biosynthesis (kumanzere).Miviyo ili ndi mtundu wamtundu kuti ugwirizane ndi mawonekedwe a HA osonyezedwa panjira ya biosynthetic;mivi yofiira imasonyeza kuchepa kwa GC chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwa ziwalo za zomera, ndipo mivi yakuda imasonyeza kuchuluka kwa GC.M'zomera zambiri, monga mpunga ndi mavwende, GA zili pamwamba pamunsi kapena m'munsi mwa tsamba30.Kuphatikiza apo, malipoti ena akuwonetsa kuti zomwe zili mu bioactive GA zimatsika ngati masamba amatalika kuchokera ku base34.Miyezo yeniyeni ya gibberellins pamilandu iyi sadziwika.
Zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu zimakhudzanso kwambiri kuchuluka ndi malo a masamba.Zotsatirazo zinawonetsa kuti kuwonjezereka kwa ndondomeko ya kukula kwa zomera kunachititsa kuti pakhale kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa tsamba ndi chiwerengero.Benzyladenine yanenedwa kuti imachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa masamba a calla15.Malinga ndi zotsatira za kafukufukuyu, mankhwala onse anasintha tsamba ndi chiwerengero.Gibberellic acid + benzyladenine anali mankhwala othandiza kwambiri ndipo adabweretsa kuchuluka kwakukulu komanso malo a masamba.Mukakulitsa schefflera yaing'ono m'nyumba, pakhoza kukhala kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa masamba.
Chithandizo cha GA3 chinachulukitsa kutalika kwa internode poyerekeza ndi benzyladenine (BA) kapena palibe mankhwala a mahomoni.Izi ndizomveka chifukwa cha udindo wa GA polimbikitsa kukula7.Kukula kwa tsinde kunawonetsanso zotsatira zofanana.Gibberellic acid amachulukitsa kutalika kwa tsinde koma adachepetsa m'mimba mwake.Komabe, kuphatikiza kwa BA ndi GA3 kumawonjezera kutalika kwa tsinde.Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kunali kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi zomera zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi BA kapena popanda hormone.Ngakhale gibberellic acid ndi ma cytokinins (CK) nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu, nthawi zina amakhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana panjira zosiyanasiyana35.Mwachitsanzo, kusagwirizana koyipa kunawonedwa pakuwonjezeka kwa kutalika kwa hypocotyl muzomera zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi GA ndi BA36.Kumbali inayi, BA idakulitsa kwambiri mizu (Table 1).Kuchuluka kwa mizu chifukwa cha BA yachilendo kwadziwika mu zomera zambiri (mwachitsanzo Dendrobium ndi Orchid mitundu)37,38.
Onse m`thupi mankhwala anawonjezera chiwerengero cha masamba atsopano.Kuwonjezeka kwachilengedwe kwa tsamba ndi kutalika kwa tsinde kudzera mu mankhwala ophatikizana ndikoyenera kumalonda.Chiwerengero cha masamba atsopano ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha kukula kwa zomera.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mahomoni achilendo sikunagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga malonda a Liriodendron tulipifera.Komabe, zotsatira zolimbikitsa kukula kwa GA ndi CK, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, zingapereke chidziwitso chatsopano chothandizira kulima chomerachi.Makamaka, zotsatira za synergistic za chithandizo cha BA + GA3 zinali zapamwamba kuposa za GA kapena BA zomwe zimaperekedwa kokha.Gibberellic acid imachulukitsa masamba atsopano.Pamene masamba atsopano akukula, kuchuluka kwa masamba atsopano kumatha kuchepetsa kukula kwa masamba39.GA akuti ikuwongolera kayendedwe ka sucrose kuchokera ku masinki kupita ku ziwalo zoyambira40,41.Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito kwakunja kwa GA ku zomera zosatha kumatha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa ziwalo zamasamba monga masamba ndi mizu, potero zimalepheretsa kusintha kuchokera kukukula kwa vegetative kupita kukukula kwa uchembere42.
Zotsatira za GA pakukula kwa zinthu zouma za zomera zitha kufotokozedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa photosynthesis chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa masamba43.GA idanenedwa kuti ipangitsa kuchuluka kwa masamba a Maize34.Zotsatira zinasonyeza kuti kuwonjezeka kwa BA ku 200 mg / L kungapangitse kutalika ndi chiwerengero cha nthambi zachiwiri ndi mizu ya mizu.Gibberellic acid imakhudza njira zama cell monga kulimbikitsa kugawanika kwa ma cell ndi kutalika, potero kumapangitsa kukula kwa vegetative43.Kuphatikiza apo, HA imakulitsa khoma la cell ndi hydrolyzing wowuma kukhala shuga, potero amachepetsa kuthekera kwa madzi a cell, kupangitsa kuti madzi alowe muselo ndikupangitsa kuti cell elongation44.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-11-2024