Tinayesa mankhwala ophera fungicide kuti tipewe matenda ku William H. Daniel Turfgrass Research and Diagnostic Center ku Purdue University ku West Lafayette, Indiana. Tinayesa zomera zobiriwira pa zomera zobiriwira za 'Crenshaw' ndi 'Pennlinks'.
Chithunzi 1: Chithandizo cha Crenshaw bentgrass fungicide. Ntchito zomaliza zinaperekedwa pa Ogasiti 30 pa Maxtima ndi Traction ndi Ogasiti 23 pa Xzemplar. Miviyo imasonyeza nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito ya masiku 14 (Xzemlar) ndi masiku 21 (Maxtima ndi Traction) pa fungicide iliyonse.
Kuyambira pa 1 Epulo mpaka 29 Seputembala, 2023, tidzadula masamba onse awiri kasanu pa sabata pa mainchesi 0.135. Tinagwiritsa ntchito Excalibur (Aqua-Aid Solutions) ya 4 fl. Wetting agent (Excalibur) pa masamba onse awiri pa 9 Juni ndi 28. oz/1000 sq. ft. mtengo pa Julayi 20 unali 2.7 fl oz. oz/1000 sq. ft. kuti tichepetse malo ouma omwe ali m'deralo.
Kenako tinagwiritsa ntchito Fleet wetting agent (2.7 fl oz/1000 sq ft) ku zomera zobiriwira pa Ogasiti 16 kuti tichepetse malo ouma omwe ali m'deralo.
Tinagwiritsa ntchito madzi 9 a Tempo SC (cyfluthrin, Envu). oz/ekala ndi Meridian (Thiamethoxam, Syngenta) 12 fl oz. June 9 oz/ekala kuti tichepetse nyerere. Tinagwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni wokwana 0.5 lb pa June 10 ndi September 2 pogwiritsa ntchito Country Club MD (18-3-18, Lebanon Lawn). N/1000 square feet
Mapulani athu oyesera anali a 5 x 5 feet kukula ndipo adapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kake ka block yonse mwachisawawa yokhala ndi ma replication anayi. Gwiritsani ntchito sprayer yoyendetsedwa ndi CO2 pa 50 psi ndi ma nozzle atatu a TeeJet 8008 flat spray omwe ali ofanana ndi magaloni awiri / 1000 sikweya mapazi a madzi.
Mu maphunziro onse awiri (Kuyesera 1 ndi Kuyesera 2), tinayamba chithandizo chonse pa Meyi 17, ndipo nthawi yomaliza yoperekera mankhwala imasiyana malinga ndi chithandizo (Table 1). Pa Julayi 1, tinagwiritsa ntchito chofalitsa ndi manja kuti tigawire mofanana tirigu wa rye wodzala ndi dothi la dollar spot pamlingo wa 12.5 cc pa bedi lililonse. Kenako timasiya tirigu wa rye pamwamba pa udzu kwa masiku anayi tisanadule.
Tinayesa kuopsa kwa madontho a dola kutengera kuchuluka kwa malo opatsirana pamalopo. Malo omwe ali pansi pa curve yopita patsogolo kwa matenda (AUDPC) adawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya trapezoidal pogwiritsa ntchito fomula Σ [(yi + yi+1)/2] [ti+1 − ti], komwe i = 1,2,3, … n -1, komwe yi – rating, ti – nthawi ya rating ya i-th. Deta idayesedwa kusanthula kusiyana ndi kusiyana kwapakati (P=0.05) pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a Fisher's protected LSD.
Poyamba tinaona kusiyana kwa kuwongolera malo ochitira chithandizo pa Meyi 31. Pa Juni 13, kuopsa kwa malo ochitira chithandizo pa pulojekitiyi kunali kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa m'njira zina zochiritsira (Chithunzi 1). Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuopsa kwa malo ochitira chithandizo pa pulogalamu ya $20 ya pa Julayi 20 kunali kotsika poyerekeza ndi njira zina zochiritsira.
Pa Ogasiti 2, maderawa adachiritsidwa ndi 1.3 fl ya Traction (fluazimide, tebuconazole, Nupharm). oz/1000 sq. ft. - Mtengo wa masiku 21 mu madola aku US unali wokwera kwambiri kuposa ma phukusi omwe adachiritsidwa ndi Maxtima (fluconazole, BASF) 0.4 oz. oz/1000 sq. feet nthawi yomweyo. Pa Seputembala 16 ndi 28, milungu iwiri ndi inayi pambuyo pogwiritsidwa ntchito komaliza, motsatana, malo omwe adachiritsidwa ndi Traction anali ndi ndalama zambiri kuposa Maxtima ndipo anali ndi AUDPC yotsika kwambiri kuposa yolamulira.
Tinaona koyamba phindu pa Julayi 7. Kuyambira pa Julayi 7, malo onse omwe anachiritsidwa anali ndi mliri wochepera umodzi pamalo aliwonse. Panalibe kusiyana kwa chithandizo panthawi yonse yoyesera. Mitengo ya AUDPC m'malo onse omwe anachiritsidwa inali yotsika kwambiri kuposa yomwe inali m'malo omwe sanalandire chithandizo (Table 1).
Bungwe la Daniel Turfgrass Research and Diagnostic Center la Purdue University linayang'ana momwe mankhwala ophera fungicide amathandizira pa udzu wokhwima komanso wokhazikika wokwawa.
Kuyambira pa Epulo 1 mpaka Okutobala 1, dulani katatu pa sabata mpaka kutalika kwa mainchesi 0.5. Tinayambitsa Ference (cyantraniliprole, Syngenta) pa June 30 pa 0.37 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. kuti tichepetse mphutsi zoyera. Pa July 20, tinagwiritsa ntchito Excalibur yonyowetsa mphutsi pa mlingo wa 2.7 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. kuti tichepetse malo ouma omwe ali pamalopo.
Tinagwiritsa ntchito Fleet moisturizing agent (Harrell's) pa Ogasiti 16 mu 3 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. kuti tichepetse malo ouma omwe ali pamalopo. Kenako tinagwiritsa ntchito 0.75 lbs ya nayitrogeni pa Meyi 24 pogwiritsa ntchito Shaw (24-0-22). N/1000 sq. ft. Seputembala 13, 1.0 lbs. N/1000 square feet.
Malo anali ndi kukula kwa 5 x 5 feet ndipo anakonzedwa m'mabokosi athunthu mwachisawawa okhala ndi ma replicate anayi. Gwiritsani ntchito chopopera cha CO2 chomwe chili ndi mphamvu ya 45 psi ndi ma nozzle atatu a TeeJet 8008 flat spray omwe ali ofanana ndi galoni imodzi / 1000 sikweya mapazi a madzi.
Tinagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyamba ophera fungicide pa 19 Meyi ndipo omaliza pa 18 Ogasiti. Tirigu wa rye wokhudzidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tinagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi makina ofalitsira pa June 27 ndi July 1 pa mlingo wa 11 cm3 ndi 12 cm3 pa munda uliwonse, motsatana. Kenako timasiya tirigu wa rye pamwamba pa udzu kwa masiku anayi tisanadule.
Kuopsa kwa matenda kunayesedwa milungu iwiri iliyonse panthawi yonse ya kafukufukuyu. Kuopsa kwa matenda kunayesedwa poyesa kuchuluka kwa malo omwe akhudzidwa pamalo aliwonse. Malo omwe ali pansi pa curve ya matenda (AUDPC) adawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya trapezoidal yomwe yafotokozedwa pamwambapa. Deta idayesedwa kusanthula kusiyana ndi kusiyana kwapakati (P=0.05) pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a Fisher's protected LSD.
Tinaona koyamba madontho a dola (<0.3% kuopsa, zilonda zodwala 0.2 pamalo aliwonse) pa June 1, ndipo chiwerengero chawo chinawonjezeka pambuyo pobayidwa. Pa July 20, maderawa anachiritsidwa ndi Encartis (boscalid ndi chlorothalonil, BASF) 3 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft – masiku 14 ndi 4 fl oz/1000 sq. ft. – masiku 28, Daconil Ultrex (chlorothalonil, Syngenta) 2.8 fl oz/1000 sq. ft. – masiku 14, malo ochiritsidwa omwe anakonzedwa anali ndi madontho ochepa a dola kuposa malo ena onse ochiritsidwa komanso malo owongolera omwe sanachiritsidwe.
Kuyambira pa Julayi 20 mpaka Seputembala 15, malo onse ochiritsidwa anali ndi matenda ochepa kuposa malo oletsa matenda omwe sanachiritsidwe. Madera omwe anachiritsidwa ndi Encartis (3 fl oz/1000 sq ft – masiku 14), Encartis (3.5 fl oz/1000 sq ft – masiku 21) pa Seputembala 2, milungu iwiri mutagwiritsa ntchito komaliza (WFFA) d), Xzemplar (fluxapyroxad, BASF) 0.21 fl. ounce/1000 sq. ft. – masiku 21, Xzemlar (0.26 oz/1000 sq. ft. – masiku 21) ndi malo omwe anachiritsidwa anali ndi vuto lochepa kwambiri.
Pa Ogasiti 3 ndi Ogasiti 16, mitengo ya Encartis ndi nthawi yomaliza yogwiritsira ntchito sizinakhudze kwambiri kuwongolera kwa dolla la US. Komabe, pa Seputembala 2 ndi 15 (WFFA 2 ndi 4), malo anali ndi mwayi waukulu woti Encartis ilandire chithandizo (3 fl oz/1000 sq ft – masiku 14) ndipo Encartis (3.5 fl oz/1000 sq ft). . . – masiku 21) ili ndi kukana kotsika kwa madontho a USD kuposa Encartis (4 fl oz/1000 sq ft – masiku 28).
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a Xzemplar ndi Maxtima komanso nthawi yochizira sikunakhudze kwambiri kuopsa kwa madontho a dola panthawi yophunzira. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala a Daconil Action (3 fl oz/1000 sq ft) osakanikirana ndi Secure Action sikunachepetse kuchuluka kwa madontho a dola. Pa Seputembala 2, malo owongolera matenda a Xzemplar's Dollar Point adachiza malo ochepa kuposa Maxtima.
Mtengo wa AUDPC wa malo onse ochiritsidwa unali wotsika kwambiri kuposa wa malo owongolera omwe sanalandire chithandizo. Kuopsa kwa malo owonera dola kunali kotsika nthawi zonse m'magawo mu pulogalamu iyi panthawi yonse ya kafukufukuyu, ndipo mtengo wotsika kwambiri wa AUDPC wa mankhwala onse.
Malo omwe adachiritsidwa ndi Daconil Ultrex okha anali ndi AUDPC yokwera kuposa malo omwe adachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala onse kupatula omwe adachiritsidwa ndi 0.5 ml Secure (fluridinium, Syngenta). oz/1000 sq. ft. – masiku 21) Daconil Action (2 fl oz/1000 sq. ft) ndi Secure Action (azibendazole-S-methyl ndi fluazinam, Syngenta) 0.5 fl. oz/1000 sq. ft. – masiku 21 Palibe poizoni wa phytotoxic yemwe adapezeka mu kafukufukuyu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-16-2024