Tinayesa mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ku William H. Daniel Turfgrass Research and Diagnostic Center ku yunivesite ya Purdue ku West Lafayette, Indiana.Tidayesa zobiriwira pamasamba okwawa a 'Crenshaw' ndi 'Pennlinks'.
Chithunzi 1: Crenshaw bentgrass fungicide mankhwala.Mapulogalamu omaliza adatumizidwa pa Ogasiti 30 a Maxtima ndi Traction ndi Ogasiti 23 a Xzemplar.Mivi imasonyeza nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito masiku 14 (Xzemlar) ndi masiku 21 (Maxtima ndi Traction) pa fungicide iliyonse.
Kuyambira pa Epulo 1 mpaka Seputembara 29, 2023, tidzatchetcha masamba onse kasanu pa sabata pa mainchesi 0.135.Tinagwiritsa ntchito 4 fl.Wonyowetsa Excalibur (Aqua-Aid Solutions) pamasamba onse awiri pa June 9 ndi 28. oz/1000 sq. ft. mtengo pa July 20 unali 2.7 fl oz.oz/1000 sq. ft. kuti muchepetse mawanga owuma amderalo.
Kenako tidayika Fleet wetting agent (2.7 fl oz/1000 sq ft) pamasamba pa Ogasiti 16 kuti tichepetse mawanga owuma.
Tidagwiritsa ntchito madzi 9 a Tempo SC (cyfluthrin, Envu).oz/acre ndi Meridian (Thiamethoxam, Syngenta) 12 fl oz.June 9 oz/ekala poletsa nyerere.Tinathira feteleza wa nayitrogeni 0.5 lb pa June 10 ndi September 2 pogwiritsa ntchito Country Club MD (18-3-18, Lebanon Lawn).N/1000 lalikulu mapazi
Ziwembu zathu zoyesera zinali 5 x 5 mapazi kukula kwake ndipo zidapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe osasinthika athunthu okhala ndi zobwereza zinayi.Gwiritsani ntchito kupopera mphamvu ya CO2 pa 50 psi ndi ma nozzles atatu a TeeJet 8008 athyathyathya ofanana ndi malita 2/1000 masikweya mapazi a madzi.
M'maphunziro onse awiri (Kuyesa 1 ndi Kuyesa 2), tinayamba chithandizo chonse pa Meyi 17, ndi nthawi ya utsogoleri womaliza wosiyanasiyana pazamankhwala (Table 1).Pa Julayi 1, tidagwiritsa ntchito makina ojambulira manja kugawira mofanana njere za rye zomwe zadzala ndi dola pamlingo wa 12.5 cc pabedi lililonse.Kenako timasiya njere za rye pamwamba pa kapinga kwa masiku anayi tisanayambe kutchetcha.
Tidawunika kuopsa kwa malo a dollar kutengera kuchuluka kwa malo omwe ali ndi matenda pamalopo.Dera lomwe lili pansi pa matenda opatsirana (AUDPC) linawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya trapezoidal pogwiritsa ntchito njira Σ [(yi + yi+1)/2] [ti+1 - ti], pamene i = 1,2,3, ... n -1, pamene yi - mlingo, ti - nthawi ya mlingo wa i-th.Zambiri zidawunikidwa pakusiyana komanso kulekanitsidwa kwapakati (P=0.05) pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a Fisher otetezedwa a LSD.
Tidawona koyamba kusiyana pakuwongolera malo a dollar pakati pa malo opangira chithandizo pa Meyi 31st.Pa June 13, kuopsa kwa malo a dollar muzochiza za polojekitiyi kunali kokulirapo kuposa mankhwala ena (Chithunzi 1).Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kuopsa kwa pulogalamu ya $20 July 20 kunali kochepa kusiyana ndi mankhwala ena.
Pa Ogasiti 2, maderawo adathandizidwa ndi 1.3 fl ya Traction (fluazimide, tebuconazole, Nupharm).oz / 1000 sq. ft. - Mtengo wa malo a 21-day mu madola a US unali wapamwamba kwambiri kusiyana ndi mapepala opangidwa ndi Maxtima (fluconazole, BASF) 0.4 oz.oz/1000 sq. mapazi pa nthawi yomweyo.Pa Seputembara 16 ndi 28, milungu iwiri ndi inayi itatha kugwiritsa ntchito komaliza, motsatana, ziwembu zothandizidwa ndi Traction zinali ndi madola ochulukirapo kuposa Maxtima ndipo zinali zotsika kwambiri za AUDPC kuposa kuwongolera.
Tidawona koyamba malo a dollar pa Julayi 7.Pofika pa Julayi 7, malo onse othandizidwa anali ndi miliri yosachepera imodzi pamalo aliwonse.Panalibe kusiyana kwa mankhwala panthawi yonse yoyesera.Makhalidwe a AUDPC m'magawo onse omwe adathandizidwa anali otsika kwambiri kuposa omwe ali m'malo osayendetsedwa (Table 1).
Daniel Turfgrass Research and Diagnostic Center wa ku yunivesite ya Purdue adawunikidwa pa mphamvu ya mankhwala ophera bowa pa bentgrass yokhwima, yaulere.
Kuyambira pa Epulo 1 mpaka Okutobala 1, tchetcha katatu pa sabata mpaka kutalika kwa mainchesi 0.5.Tinayambitsa Ference (cyantraniliprole, Syngenta) pa June 30 pa 0.37 fl.oz/1000 sq. ft. poyang'anira zoyera za grub.Pa July 20, tinagwiritsa ntchito moisturizing agent Excalibur pa mlingo wa 2.7 fl.oz/1000 sq. ft. kuti muchepetse mawanga owuma amderalo.
Tidagwiritsa ntchito Fleet moisturizing agent (Harrell's) pa Ogasiti 16 mu 3 fl.oz/1000 sq. ft. kuti muchepetse mawanga owuma amderalo.Kenako tidayika ma 0.75 lbs a nayitrogeni pa Meyi 24 pogwiritsa ntchito Shaw (24-0-22).N/1000 sq. ft. Sep 13, 1.0 lbs.N/1000 lalikulu mapazi
Mapulani anali 5 x 5 mapazi mu kukula ndipo anakonzedwa mwachisawawa midadada ndi zotengera zinayi.Gwiritsani ntchito kupopera mphamvu ya CO2 pa 45 psi ndi ma nozzles atatu a TeeJet 8008 athyathyathya ofanana ndi madzi okwanira galoni 1/1000.
Tidagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyamba a fungicide pa Meyi 19 ndipo omaliza pa Ogasiti 18.Mbewu ya Rye yomwe ili ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a dollar idagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi chofalitsa pamanja pa June 27 ndi July 1 pa mlingo wa 11 cm3 ndi 12 cm3 pa chiwembu, motsatira.Kenako timasiya njere za rye pamwamba pa kapinga kwa masiku anayi tisanayambe kutchetcha.
Kuopsa kwa matenda kunayesedwa milungu iwiri iliyonse panthawi yonse yophunzira.Kuopsa kwa matenda kunayesedwa powona kuchuluka kwa malo omwe akhudzidwa pa malo aliwonse.Malo omwe ali pansi pa matenda a matenda (AUDPC) adawerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya trapezoidal yomwe yafotokozedwa pamwambapa.Zambiri zidawunikidwa pakusiyana komanso kulekanitsidwa kwapakati (P=0.05) pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso a Fisher otetezedwa a LSD.
Tidawona koyamba madontho a dollar (<0.3% kuuma, 0.2 zilonda zopatsirana pa malo aliwonse) pa June 1, ndipo ziwerengero zawo zidawonjezeka potsatira inoculation.Pa Julayi 20, maderawo adathandizidwa ndi Encartis (boscalid ndi chlorothalonil, BASF) 3 fl.oz/1000 sq. ft - masiku 14 ndi 4 fl oz/1000 sq. ft. - 28 days, Daconil Ultrex (chlorothalonil, Syngenta) 2.8 fl oz/1000 sq. ft. kuposa ziwembu zina zonse zothandizidwa ndi zowongolera zosasamalidwa.
Kuyambira pa Julayi 20 mpaka Seputembara 15, ziwembu zonse zothandizidwa zinali ndi ziwonetsero zochepa kuposa ziwembu zowongolera zomwe sizinatengedwe.Madera omwe amathandizidwa ndi Encartis (3 fl oz/1000 sq ft - masiku 14), Encartis (3.5 fl oz/1000 sq ft - masiku 21) Seputembara 2, milungu iwiri pambuyo pomaliza kugwiritsa ntchito (WFFA) d), Xzemplar (fluxapyroxad, BASF) 0.21 gawo.ounce/1000 sq. ft. – 21 days, Xzemlar (0.26 oz/1000 sq. ft. – 21 days) ndi malo omwe amachitiridwa pulojekiti anali ndi zovuta zochepa za dollar.
Pa Ogasiti 3 ndi Ogasiti 16, mitengo ya Encartis ndi masiku omaliza ofunsira sizinakhudze kwambiri zowongolera malo a dollar yaku US.Komabe, pa Seputembala 2 ndi 15 (WFFA 2 ndi 4), masamba anali otheka kuthandizidwa ndi Encartis (3 fl oz/1000 sq ft - masiku 14) ndi Encartis (3.5 fl oz/1000 sq ft)...- masiku 21) ali ndi kutsika kwa madontho a USD kuposa Encartis (4 fl oz/1000 sq ft - masiku 28).
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kusiyana kwa kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake ka Xzemplar ndi Maxtima sikunakhudze kwambiri kuopsa kwa malo a dollar panthawi yophunzira.Mitengo yapamwamba ya Daconil Action (3 fl oz/1000 sq ft) yosakanikirana ndi Chitetezo Chotetezedwa sichinapangitse kuchepa kwa dola.Pa Seputembara 2, malo owongolera matenda a Xzemplar a Dollar Point adachiritsa mawebusayiti ochepa kuposa a Maxtima.
Makhalidwe a AUDPC amasamba onse omwe adathandizidwa anali otsika kwambiri kuposa omwe amawongolera osasamalidwa.Kuvuta kwa malo a dollar kunali kocheperako pamapulogalamuwa panthawi yonse yophunzira, ndi ma AUDPC otsika kwambiri pamankhwala onse.
Masamba omwe amathandizidwa ndi Daconil Ultrex okha anali ndi ma AUDPC apamwamba kuposa malo omwe amathandizidwa ndi mankhwala onse kupatula omwe amathandizidwa ndi 0.5 ml Secure (fluridinium, Syngenta).oz/1000 sq. ft. – 21 days) Daconil Action (2 fl oz/1000 sq ft) ndi Secure Action (azibendazole-S-methyl ndi fluazinam, Syngenta) 0.5 fl.oz / 1000 sq. ft. - 21 masiku Palibe phytotoxicity yomwe inawonedwa mu phunziro lonse.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-16-2024