Kiwi ndi mtengo wazipatso wa dioecious womwe umafunikira pollination pazipatso zokhazikitsidwa ndi zomera zazikazi. Mu phunziro ili, achowongolera kukula kwa mbewu2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) anagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Chinese kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis var. 'Donghong') kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa zipatso, kupititsa patsogolo ubwino wa zipatso ndi kuonjezera zokolola. Zotsatira zinawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) mogwira mtima kunapangitsa kuti parthenocarpy mu Chinese kiwifruit ikhale yabwino kwambiri. Pakatha masiku 140 mutatha maluwa, kuchuluka kwa zipatso za parthenocarpic zothandizidwa ndi 2,4-D kudafika 16.95%. Mapangidwe a mungu a maluwa achikazi omwe amapangidwa ndi 2,4-D ndi madzi anali osiyana, ndipo kuthekera kwa mungu sikunadziwike. Pakukula, zipatso zothandizidwa ndi 2,4-D zinali zochepa pang'ono kusiyana ndi zomwe zili mu gulu lolamulira, ndipo peel, thupi ndi kulimba kwapakati zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zili mu gulu lolamulira. Panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu muzinthu zosungunuka zosungunuka pakati pa zipatso za 2,4-D-D-treated ndi zowongolera pakukula, koma zowuma zomwe zili ndi 2,4-D-zipatso zowonongeka zinali zochepa kusiyana ndi zipatso za mungu.
Mzaka zaposachedwa,zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu (PGR)Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kukopa parthenocarpy mu mbewu zosiyanasiyana zamaluwa. Komabe, maphunziro athunthu okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zowongolera kukula kuti apangitse parthenocarpy mu kiwi sanachitike. Mu pepalali, zotsatira za chowongolera kukula kwa mbewu 2,4-D pa parthenocarpy mu kiwi ya mitundu ya Dunghong ndi kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala kunaphunziridwa. Zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa zimapereka maziko asayansi ogwiritsira ntchito moyenera zowongolera zakukula kwa mbewu kuti apititse patsogolo zipatso za kiwi komanso mtundu wa zipatso zonse.
Kuyeseraku kunachitika ku National Kiwi Germplasm Resource Bank of Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences mu 2024. Mitengo itatu yathanzi, yopanda matenda, yazaka zisanu ya Actinidia chinensis 'Donghong' idasankhidwa kuti ayesedwe, ndipo 250 yomwe nthawi zambiri imapangidwa kuchokera kumtengo uliwonse idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mayeso.
Parthenocarpy imalola kuti zipatso zizikula bwino popanda kutulutsa mungu, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakupanga pollination. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti parthenocarpy imalola kukhazikitsidwa kwa zipatso ndikukula popanda kutulutsa mungu ndi umuna, potero kuonetsetsa kuti kupangidwa kokhazikika pansi pamikhalidwe yabwino. Kuthekera kwa parthenocarpy kwagona pakutha kukulitsa zipatso pansi pazovuta zachilengedwe, potero kumapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yabwino komanso zokolola, makamaka ngati ntchito za pollinator zili zochepa kapena palibe. Zinthu zachilengedwe monga mphamvu ya kuwala, photoperiod, kutentha, ndi chinyezi zimatha kukhudza 2,4-D-induced parthenocarpy mu kiwifruit. Munthawi yotsekedwa kapena yamthunzi, kusintha kwa kuwala kumatha kuyanjana ndi 2,4-D kusintha kagayidwe kachakudya ka auxin, komwe kumatha kukulitsa kapena kuletsa kukula kwa zipatso za parthenocarpic kutengera mtundu. Kuphatikiza apo, kusunga kutentha ndi chinyezi m'malo olamuliridwa kumathandiza kuti ntchito za mahomoni zizikhala bwino ndikuwongolera zipatso [39]. Maphunziro amtsogolo akukonzekera kuti afufuzenso kukhathamiritsa kwa chilengedwe (kuwala, kutentha, ndi chinyezi) m'makina olamuliridwa kuti apititse patsogolo 2,4-D-induced parthenocarpy kwinaku akusunga zipatso. Njira yoyendetsera chilengedwe ya parthenocarpy ikufunikabe kufufuza kwina. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kutsika kwa 2,4-D (5 ppm ndi 10 ppm) kungathe kuchititsa parthenocarpy mu phwetekere ndikupanga zipatso zabwino kwambiri zopanda mbewu [37]. Zipatso za Parthenocarpic ndi zopanda mbewu komanso zapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa ogula [38]. Popeza zinthu zoyesera za kiwifruit ndi chomera cha dioecious, njira zachikhalidwe zoberekera mungu zimafunikira kuchitapo kanthu pamanja ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri. Pofuna kuthana ndi vutoli, kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito 2,4-D kuti apangitse parthenocarpy mu kiwifruit, zomwe zimalepheretsa kufa kwa zipatso zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi maluwa aakazi omwe alibe mungu. Zotsatira zoyesera zidawonetsa kuti zipatso zothandizidwa ndi 2,4-D zidakula bwino, ndipo chiwerengero cha mbewu chinali chocheperako kuposa cha zipatso zopangidwa ndi mungu wopangidwa mwaluso, komanso mtundu wa zipatso udasinthidwanso kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuyambitsa parthenocarpy kudzera mu chithandizo cha mahomoni kumatha kuthana ndi zovuta za pollination ndikupanga zipatso zopanda mbewu, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakulima malonda.
Mu kafukufukuyu, njira za 2,4-D (2,4-D) pakukula kwa zipatso zopanda mbewu komanso mtundu wa cultivar wa kiwi wa ku China 'Donghong' adafufuzidwa mwadongosolo. Kutengera maphunziro am'mbuyomu omwe akuwonetsa kuti 2,4-D ikhoza kuyambitsa kupanga zipatso zopanda mbewu mu kiwifruit, kafukufukuyu anali ndi cholinga chofotokozera momveka bwino momwe chithandizo cha 2,4-D chakunja chikuyendera pakukula kwa zipatso ndi mapangidwe abwino a zipatso. Zotsatirazi zidafotokozanso bwino za ntchito ya owongolera kukula kwa mbewu pakukula kwa kiwifruit wopanda mbewu ndikukhazikitsa njira yochiritsira ya 2,4-D yomwe imapereka maziko ofunikira pakukula kwa mitundu yatsopano ya kiwi. Kafukufukuyu ali ndi zofunikira zofunikira pakuwongolera bwino komanso kukhazikika kwamakampani a kiwifruit.
Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuchita bwino kwa chithandizo cha 2,4-D polimbikitsa parthenocarpy mumtundu waku China kiwifruit 'Donghong'. Makhalidwe akunja (kuphatikizapo kulemera kwa zipatso ndi kukula kwake) ndi makhalidwe amkati (monga shuga ndi asidi) panthawi ya kukula kwa zipatso anafufuzidwa. Kuchiza ndi 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D kunapangitsa kuti chipatsocho chikhale chokoma kwambiri powonjezera kukoma ndi kuchepetsa acidity. Zotsatira zake, chiŵerengero cha shuga / asidi chinawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zipatso zonse zikhale bwino. Komabe, kusiyana kwakukulu kunapezeka mu kulemera kwa zipatso ndi zinthu zowuma zomwe zili pakati pa zipatso za 2,4-D-D-treated ndi mungu. Kafukufukuyu akupereka chidziwitso chofunikira pa parthenocarpy komanso kusintha kwabwino kwa zipatso mu kiwifruit. Kugwiritsa ntchito kotereku kumatha kukhala njira ina kwa alimi a kiwifruit omwe akufuna kutulutsa zipatso ndikupeza zokolola zambiri popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yachimuna (yovunditsidwa) ndi pollination yokumba.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-02-2025