Kiwifruit ndi mtengo wa zipatso wofanana ndi wa dioeful womwe umafunika kupopera mungu kuti zipatsozo zikhazikitsidwe ndi zomera zazikazi. Mu kafukufukuyu,chowongolera kukula kwa zomera2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) idagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kiwifruit yaku China (Actinidia chinensis var. 'Donghong') kuti ilimbikitse kukhazikika kwa zipatso, kukweza ubwino wa zipatso ndikuwonjezera zokolola. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) kunja kunapangitsa kuti parthenocarpy mu kiwifruit yaku China ikule bwino komanso kuti zipatso zikule bwino. Patatha masiku 140 kuchokera pamene maluwa adaphuka, kuchuluka kwa zipatso za parthenocarpic zomwe zidapatsidwa 2,4-D kudafika pa 16.95%. Kapangidwe ka mungu wa maluwa achikazi omwe adapatsidwa 2,4-D ndi madzi kunali kosiyana, ndipo mphamvu ya mungu sinadziwike. Pakukhwima, zipatso zomwe zidapatsidwa 2,4-D zinali zazing'ono pang'ono kuposa zomwe zidapatsidwa gulu lolamulira, ndipo khungu lawo, mnofu wawo ndi pakati pake zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi zomwe zidapatsidwa gulu lolamulira. Panalibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zipatso zophikidwa ndi 2,4-D ndi zipatso zowongolera zikakhwima, koma kuchuluka kwa zipatso zouma za zipatso zophikidwa ndi 2,4-D kunali kochepa poyerekeza ndi zipatso zophikidwa ndi mungu.
Mzaka zaposachedwa,owongolera kukula kwa zomera (PGR)zagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyambitsa parthenocarpy mu mbewu zosiyanasiyana zaulimi. Komabe, maphunziro athunthu okhudza kugwiritsa ntchito zowongolera kukula kuti zilimbikitse parthenocarpy mu kiwi sanachitike. Mu pepalali, zotsatira za chowongolera kukula kwa zomera 2,4-D pa parthenocarpy mu kiwi ya mtundu wa Dunghong ndi kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala zidaphunziridwa. Zotsatira zomwe zapezeka zimapereka maziko asayansi ogwiritsira ntchito bwino zowongolera kukula kwa zomera kuti ziwongolere zipatso za kiwi komanso ubwino wa zipatso zonse.
Kuyeseraku kunachitika ku National Kiwi Germplasm Resource Bank of Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences mu 2024. Mitengo itatu ya Actinidia chinensis 'Donghong' yazaka zisanu, yopanda matenda, inasankhidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pa kuyesaku, ndipo maluwa 250 ochokera ku mtengo uliwonse omwe amapangidwa nthawi zambiri adagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zoyesera.
Parthenocarpy imalola zipatso kukula bwino popanda kupopera mbewu, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri m'mikhalidwe yocheperako ya kupopera mbewu. Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti parthenocarpy imalola zipatso kukula popanda kupopera mbewu ndi feteleza, motero kuonetsetsa kuti zipatsozo zikukula bwino m'mikhalidwe yocheperako. Kuthekera kwa parthenocarpy kuli m'kuthekera kwake kowonjezera zipatso zomwe zimamera m'mikhalidwe yoipa, motero kukweza ubwino wa mbewu ndi zokolola, makamaka pamene ntchito zopopera mbewu zili zochepa kapena palibe. Zinthu zachilengedwe monga kuwala, nthawi yowunikira, kutentha, ndi chinyezi zimatha kukhudza parthenocarpy yomwe imayambitsa 2,4-D mu kiwifruit. M'mikhalidwe yotsekedwa kapena yotsekedwa, kusintha kwa mikhalidwe yowala kumatha kuyanjana ndi 2,4-D kuti isinthe kagayidwe kake ka auxin, komwe kungapangitse kapena kuletsa kukula kwa zipatso za parthenocarpic kutengera mtundu wa mbewu. Kuphatikiza apo, kusunga kutentha ndi chinyezi chokhazikika m'malo olamulidwa kumathandiza kusunga ntchito ya mahomoni ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zipatso [39]. Maphunziro amtsogolo akukonzekera kuti apitirize kufufuza momwe mikhalidwe yozungulira (kuwala, kutentha, ndi chinyezi) imakhalira m'machitidwe owongolera kukula kuti awonjezere parthenocarpy yomwe imayambitsa 2,4-D pomwe ikusunga mtundu wa zipatso. Njira yowongolera chilengedwe cha parthenocarpy ikufunikabe kufufuza kwina. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuchuluka kochepa kwa 2,4-D (5 ppm ndi 10 ppm) kumatha kuyambitsa parthenocarpy mu phwetekere ndikupanga zipatso zabwino kwambiri zopanda mbewu [37]. Zipatso za Parthenocarpic sizimamera mbewu ndipo ndizabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale chisankho chabwino kwa ogula [38]. Popeza zinthu za kiwifruit zoyesera ndi chomera cha dioecious, njira zachikhalidwe zoyendetsera mungu zimafuna kuthandizidwa ndi manja ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, kafukufukuyu adagwiritsa ntchito 2,4-D kuyambitsa parthenocarpy mu kiwifruit, zomwe zidaletsa kufa kwa zipatso chifukwa cha maluwa achikazi osamera mungu. Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zidawonetsa kuti zipatso zomwe zidathandizidwa ndi 2,4-D zidakula bwino, ndipo chiwerengero cha mbewu chinali chochepa kwambiri kuposa cha zipatso zomera mungu zopangidwa, ndipo mtundu wa zipatso udawongoleredwanso kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuyambitsa parthenocarpy kudzera mu chithandizo cha mahomoni kumatha kuthetsa mavuto a mungu ndikupanga zipatso zopanda mbewu, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakulima malonda.
Mu kafukufukuyu, njira za 2,4-D (2,4-D) pakukula kwa zipatso zopanda mbewu komanso mtundu wa mbewu ya kiwifruit yaku China 'Donghong' zinafufuzidwa mwadongosolo. Kutengera kafukufuku wakale wosonyeza kuti 2,4-D ikhoza kuyambitsa kupangika kwa zipatso zopanda mbewu mu kiwifruit, kafukufukuyu cholinga chake chinali kufotokoza bwino zotsatira za chithandizo chakunja cha 2,4-D pakukula kwa zipatso ndi kupanga zipatso zabwino. Zotsatira zake zinafotokoza bwino udindo wa owongolera kukula kwa zomera pakukula kwa kiwifruit yopanda mbewu ndipo zinakhazikitsa njira yochizira ya 2,4-D yomwe imapereka maziko ofunikira pakukonza mitundu yatsopano ya kiwifruit yopanda mbewu. Kafukufukuyu ali ndi tanthauzo lofunikira pakukweza magwiridwe antchito ndi kukhazikika kwa makampani a kiwifruit.
Kafukufukuyu adawonetsa kuti chithandizo cha 2,4-D chimagwira ntchito bwino poyambitsa parthenocarpy mu mtundu wa kiwifruit waku China wotchedwa 'Donghong'. Makhalidwe akunja (kuphatikizapo kulemera kwa zipatso ndi kukula kwake) ndi makhalidwe amkati (monga shuga ndi kuchuluka kwa asidi) panthawi yophukira kwa zipatso adafufuzidwa. Chithandizo cha 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D chinasintha kwambiri luso la zipatso powonjezera kukoma ndi kuchepa kwa asidi. Zotsatira zake, chiŵerengero cha shuga/asidi chinawonjezeka kwambiri, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zipatso zonse zikhale bwino. Komabe, kusiyana kwakukulu kunapezeka mu kulemera kwa zipatso ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zouma pakati pa zipatso za 2,4-D zomwe zinachiritsidwa ndi mungu. Kafukufukuyu akupereka chidziwitso chofunikira pakukula kwa parthenocarpy ndi khalidwe la zipatso mu kiwifruit. Kugwiritsa ntchito kotereku kungakhale njira ina kwa alimi a kiwifruit omwe akufuna kupanga zipatso ndikupeza zokolola zambiri popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya amuna (yokhala ndi mungu) ndi mungu wopangidwa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-02-2025