Zamoyo kuyambira zimbalangondo zakuda mpaka ma cuckoo zimapereka njira zachilengedwe komanso zotetezera chilengedwe kuti zisawononge tizilombo tosafunikira.
Kale kwambiri kusanakhale mankhwala ndi ma spray, makandulo a citronella ndi DEET, chilengedwe chinali chopatsa zolengedwa zonse zovutitsa kwambiri za anthu. Mileme imadya ntchentche zoluma, achule amadya udzudzu, ndipo amameza mavu.
Ndipotu, achule ndi achule amatha kudya udzudzu wambiri kotero kuti kafukufuku wa 2022 adapeza kuti kuchuluka kwa milandu ya malungo kwa anthu m'madera ena a Central America chifukwa cha kufalikira kwa matenda a amphibian. Kafukufuku wina akuwonetsa kuti mileme ina imatha kudya udzudzu wokwana chikwi pa ola limodzi. (Dziwani chifukwa chake mileme ndi ngwazi zenizeni zachilengedwe.)
"Mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo imalamuliridwa bwino ndi adani achilengedwe," anatero Douglas Tallamy, Pulofesa wa Zaulimi wa TA Baker ku Yunivesite ya Delaware.
Ngakhale kuti mitundu yotchuka iyi yolimbana ndi tizilombo imakopa chidwi kwambiri, nyama zina zambiri zimathera usana ndi usiku zikufunafuna ndikudya tizilombo ta chilimwe, nthawi zina zimapanga luso lapadera lodya nyama yawo. Nazi zina mwa zoseketsa kwambiri.
Winnie the Pooh angakonde uchi, koma chimbalangondo chenicheni chikakumba mng'oma wa njuchi, sichikufuna mphutsi zomata, zotsekemera, koma zofewa zoyera.
Ngakhale kuti zimbalangondo zakuda zaku America zomwe zimadya chilichonse kuyambira zinyalala za anthu mpaka minda ya mpendadzuwa komanso nthawi zina zimadya ana aang'ono, nthawi zina zimakonda kwambiri tizilombo, kuphatikizapo mavu olowa m'malo monga majekete achikasu.
“Akufunafuna mphutsi,” anatero David Garshelis, wapampando wa gulu la akatswiri a zimbalangondo la International Union for Conservation of Nature. “Ndawaona akukumba zisa kenako n’kulumwa, monga ife,” kenako n’kupitiriza kudya. (Dziwani momwe zimbalangondo zakuda zikuchira ku North America konse.)
M'madera ena a ku North America, pamene zimbalangondo zakuda zimadikira kuti zipatso zipse, mbalame zodya nyama zonse zimasunga kulemera kwawo ndipo zimapeza mafuta ambiri mwa kudya nyerere zokhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri monga nyerere zachikasu.
Udzudzu wina, monga Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis, womwe umapezeka kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa United States, umakhala ndi moyo podya udzudzu wina. Mphutsi za T. septentrionalis zimakhala m'madzi oima, monga m'mabowo a mitengo, ndipo zimadya mphutsi zina zazing'ono, kuphatikizapo mitundu yomwe imafalitsa matenda a anthu. Mu labotale, mphutsi imodzi ya udzudzu ya T. septentrionalis imatha kupha mphutsi zina 20 mpaka 50 patsiku.
Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, malinga ndi pepala la 2022, mphutsi zimenezi ndi zakupha zochulukirapo zomwe zimapha anthu koma sizidya.
“Ngati kupha anthu mokakamiza kumachitika mwachibadwa, kungathandize kuti Toxoplasma gondii igwire bwino ntchito poletsa udzudzu woyamwa magazi,” olembawo akulemba.
Kwa mbalame zambiri, palibe chokoma kuposa mbozi zikwizikwi, pokhapokha ngati mbozizo zili ndi tsitsi lopweteka lomwe limakwiyitsa matumbo anu. Koma osati nkhuku yachikasu ya ku North America.
Mbalame yaikuluyi yokhala ndi mlomo wachikasu wowala imatha kumeza mbozi, nthawi ndi nthawi imatulutsa mkati mwa m'mero ndi m'mimba mwake (kupanga matumbo ofanana ndi ndowe za kadzidzi) kenako n’kuyambanso. (Onani mboziyo ikusandulika gulugufe.)
Ngakhale kuti mitundu monga mbozi za m’mahema ndi mbozi za m’dzinja zimapezeka ku North America, kuchuluka kwawo kumawonjezeka nthawi ndi nthawi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbalame ya mtundu wa cuckoo yokhala ndi milomo yachikasu ikhale ndi phwando losayerekezeka, ndipo kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kuti imatha kudya mbozi mazana ambiri nthawi imodzi.
Mbalame iliyonse ya mtundu wa mbozi siivuta kwenikweni zomera kapena anthu, koma imapereka chakudya chamtengo wapatali kwa mbalame, zomwe zimadya tizilombo tina tambiri.
Ngati muwona nswala yofiira yowala yakum'mawa ikuyenda m'njira kum'mawa kwa United States, nong'onezani kuti "zikomo."
Nyama za mtundu wa salamander zimenezi zomwe zimakhala ndi moyo wautali, zambiri mwa izo zimakhala ndi moyo wa zaka 12-15, zimadya udzudzu wonyamula matenda pamlingo uliwonse wa moyo wawo, kuyambira mphutsi mpaka mphutsi ndi akuluakulu.
JJ Apodaca, mkulu wa bungwe la Amphibian and Reptile Conservancy, sananene kuti ndi mphutsi zingati zomwe mbalame za ku East Salamander zimadya patsiku, koma zamoyozi zimakhala ndi chilakolako chodya kwambiri ndipo ndi zambiri zokwanira "kukhudza" udzudzu.
Tanager wachilimwe angakhale wokongola ndi thupi lake lofiira lokongola, koma izi sizingakhale zosangalatsa kwenikweni kwa mavu, omwe tanager amawaponya mlengalenga, n’kuwanyamula kubwerera ku mtengo ndikugunda nthambi mpaka kufa.
Mbalame za chilimwe zimakhala kum'mwera kwa United States ndipo zimasamukira ku South America chaka chilichonse, komwe zimadya makamaka tizilombo. Koma mosiyana ndi mbalame zina zambiri, nkhunda zachilimwe zimakonda kusaka njuchi ndi mavu.
Pofuna kupewa kulumidwa, amagwira mavu ngati mavu kuchokera mumlengalenga ndipo, akaphedwa, amapukuta mbola pa nthambi za mitengo asanadye, malinga ndi Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
Tallamy anati ngakhale njira zachilengedwe zothanirana ndi tizilombo zili zosiyanasiyana, “njira yankhanza ya anthu ikuwononga kusiyanasiyana kumeneko.”
Nthawi zambiri, zotsatira za anthu monga kutayika kwa malo okhala, kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kuipitsa chilengedwe zimatha kuvulaza nyama zolusa monga mbalame ndi zamoyo zina.
“Sitingakhale padziko lapansili mwa kupha tizilombo,” anatero Tallamy. “Ndi zinthu zazing’ono zomwe zimalamulira dziko lapansi. Choncho tikhoza kuyang’ana kwambiri momwe tingalamulire zinthu zomwe sizachilendo.”
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Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-24-2024