Kafukufukuyu adawunika zotsatira za nthawi yayitali za ABW zitatumankhwala ophera tizilombomapulogalamu okhudza kuwongolera udzu wa bluegrass pachaka ndi ubwino wa udzu wa fairway turfgrass, payekha komanso pamodzi ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyanapaclobutrazolmapulogalamu ndi kulamulira tizilombo tomwe timayendayenda m'nkhalango. Tinaganiza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe ali ndi mlingo wochepa kuti tichepetse ABW pakapita nthawi kungachepetse kuphimba kwa bluegrass pachaka m'misewu yodutsa m'nkhalango yozungulira m'nkhalango ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito paclobutrazol pamwezi kungawonjezere kulamulira.
Patapita nthawi, mayeso awiri a m'munda adachitika ndikubwerezedwa. Kuyesa koyamba kunali kuyesa kwa zaka ziwiri komwe kunachitika kuyambira 2017 mpaka 2019 m'malo awiri omwe anali ndi mbiri ya ABW. Kafukufukuyu adafufuza mapulogalamu atatu ophera tizilombo, kuyang'anira udzu wokwawa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito paclobutrazol (Trimmit 2SC, Syngenta) pamwezi pa 0.25 lb yogwira ntchito pa ekala (16 fl oz product pa ekala; 280 g ai pa hekitala) kuchokera ku mbewu za udzu wapachaka wa bluegrass. . Pukutani usanafike Okutobala kuti muchepetse udzu wapachaka wa bluegrass.
Kafukufuku anachitika mu 2017 ndi 2018 pa bwalo la gofu loyeserera ku Loggershot 2 Farm (North Brunswick, NJ) ndipo akuti 85% pachaka imaonekera pa bluegrass kumayambiriro kwa kuyeseraku. Kuyeseraku kunabwerezedwanso mu 2018 ndi 2019 pa bwalo la gofu ku Forest Hills Course Club (Bloomfield Hills, NJ), komwe kuwonekera kunayesedwa pa 15% creeping bentgrass ndi 10% perennial black wheat (Lolium perenne L.). Mu kuyeseraku, 75% inali Poa annua.
Kubzala mbewu kunaphatikizapo kubzala mbewu zokwawa zokhala ndi bentgrass 007 pamlingo wa paundi imodzi ya mbewu zoyera zamoyo pa 1,000 sikweya mapazi (makilogalamu 50 pa hekitala) sabata imodzi kuchokera pamene pulogalamu yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo inayamba (onani tsatanetsatane wa pulogalamu yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo pansipa). Mankhwalawa anabwerezedwa kanayi ndipo anakonzedwa ngati 2 × 3 × 2 factorial mu block yonse yosasinthika yokhala ndi malo ogawanika. Kubzala mbewu ngati chiŵerengero cha malo onse, pulogalamu yogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo ngati subplot, paclobutrazol ngati subplot, 3 x 6 ft (0.9 mx 1.8 m).
Pulogalamu yopewera imeneyi yapangidwa kuti ipewe kuwonongeka kwa udzu wobiriwira chaka chilichonse mkati mwa nyengo. Imakhala ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo otchedwa cyntraniliprole (Ference, Syngenta) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mlingo wa pafupifupi 200 GDD50 (80 GDD10) panthawi yomaliza maluwa a dogwood (Cornus florida L.) kuti athetse mphutsi za ABW zomwe zimamera kumayambiriro kwa masika asanagwiritse ntchito indoxacarb (Provaunt). Anagwiritsidwa ntchito pa pafupifupi 350 GDD50 (160 GDD10) pamene Catawbiense Michx hybrid inali itayamba kuphuka kuti ithetse mphutsi zilizonse zomwe zimapulumuka zomwe zimamera m'masika, ndipo Spinosad (Conserve, Dow AgroSciences) inagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa mphutsi za m'badwo woyamba m'chilimwe.
Mapulogalamu oletsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo poletsa matenda a ABW mpaka ubwino wa udzu m'malo osachiritsidwa utafika pachimake cha kuwonongeka kwa
Kuti mudziwe bwino mtundu wa udzu wa turf, malo awiri okwana masikweya 36 x 36 mu (91 x 91 cm) okhala ndi malo olumikizirana 100 okwana bwino adayikidwa pagawo lililonse. Dziwani mitundu yomwe ilipo pa malo aliwonse olumikizirana pakati pa Juni ndi Okutobala. Chophimba cha pachaka cha udzu wabuluu chinkawunikidwa ndi maso mwezi uliwonse panthawi yolima pachaka pa sikelo kuyambira 0% (popanda chophimba) mpaka 100% (chophimba chonse). Ubwino wa udzu wa udzu umawunikidwa ndi maso pa sikelo ya 1 mpaka 9, ndipo 6 amaonedwa kuti ndi ovomerezeka. Kuti muwone momwe pulogalamu yophera tizilombo ya ABW imagwirira ntchito, kuchuluka kwa mphutsi kunawunikidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kuchotsa mchere kumayambiriro kwa Juni asanayambe kukula kwatsopano.
Deta yonse inasanthulidwa mosiyana pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya GLIMMIX mu SAS (v9.4, SAS Institute) ndi kubwerezabwereza kwa zotsatira zosasinthika. Kuyesa koyamba kunasanthulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka magawo, ndipo kuyesa kwachiwiri kunasanthulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka magawo osasinthika a 2 × 4. Ngati pakufunika, mayeso a Fisher's Protected LSD adagwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa njira (p=0.05). Masamba anasanthulidwa padera chifukwa kuyanjana ndi malo kunachitika pamasiku osiyanasiyana ndipo makhalidwe a malo amasiyana.
ABW ingachepetse kuphimba kwa udzu wabuluu pachaka mu udzu wokwawa, koma pokhapokha ngati kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa udzu wabuluu pachaka kwaloledwa. Mu zoyeserera izi, ubwino wonse wa udzu wonse unachepetsedwa kwakanthawi kokha ndi kuwonongeka kwa ABW pamlingo womwe anthu ena ochita gofu amaona kuti ndi wosavomerezeka. Izi zitha kukhala chifukwa chakuti udzu wambiri (60–80%) ndi udzu wabuluu pachaka. Kuwonongeka kwa udzu wokwawa ABW sikunawonekerepo pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolowera. Tikuganiza kuti kuti pulogalamu yophera tizilombo ya ABW yochokera ku threshold ilamulire bwino udzu wabuluu pachaka popanda pulogalamu ya PGR, tikukayikira kuti kuphimba koyamba kwa udzu wabuluu pachaka kuyenera kukhala kotsika kuti ABW iwononge udzu wabuluu pachaka popanda kukhudza ubwino wonse wa udzu. Ngati kuwonongeka pang'ono kokha kuloledwa musanapopere mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zotsatirazi zikusonyeza kuti kuwongolera udzu wabuluu pachaka kwa nthawi yayitali sikudzakhala kofunikira.
Njira zophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'malo osungira zomera ndi zothandiza kwambiri komanso zothandiza kwambiri zikaphatikizidwa ndi mapulogalamu owongolera kukula kwa zomera. Mu kafukufukuyu tinagwiritsa ntchito paclobutrazol, koma fluoropyrimidine ikhoza kupereka zotsatira zofanana. Ngati dongosolo la ABW lozikidwa pa malire likugwiritsidwa ntchito popanda dongosolo la PGR, kuletsa bluegrass pachaka sikungakhale kofanana kapena kofunikira chifukwa bluegrass pachaka imatha kuchira msanga kuchokera ku kuwonongeka kumapeto kwa masika. Njira yabwino kwambiri ndikuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito paclobutrazol pamwezi masika mitu ya mbewu itatha kuphulika, lolani ABW iwononge mpaka itatha kulekerera (oyang'anira kapena ena), kenako ikani mankhwala ophera tizilombo pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri kuti muwongolere ABW. Dongosolo lomwe limaphatikiza njira ziwirizi limapereka njira yothandiza kwambiri yowongolera bluegrass pachaka kuposa njira iliyonse yokha ndipo limapereka malo osewerera abwino kwambiri kwa milungu yonse kupatula imodzi kapena ziwiri za nyengo yolima.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-25-2024