Ulimi ndiye chuma chofunikira kwambiri m'misika yapadziko lonse, ndipo machitidwe azachilengedwe akukumana ndi mavuto ambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa mankhwala padziko lonse lapansi kukukulirakulira ndipo kumachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pa zokolola za mbewu1. Komabe, zomera zomwe zimalimidwa mwanjira imeneyi sizimakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yokulira ndikukula bwino motero sizipeza makhalidwe abwino a zomera2. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala oopsa kwambiri amatha kudziunjikira m'thupi la munthu ndi nthaka3. Chifukwa chake, pakufunika kupanga njira zotetezera chilengedwe komanso zokhazikika kuti muchepetse kufunikira kwa feteleza wa mankhwala. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda topindulitsa tingakhale gwero lofunikira la mankhwala achilengedwe ogwira ntchito m'thupi4.
Magulu a endophytic m'masamba amasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa chomera chomwe chilipo kapena genotype, gawo la kukula kwa chomera, ndi mawonekedwe a chomera. 13 Kafukufuku wambiri wanena kuti Azospirillum, Bacillus, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, ndi Enterobacter ali ndi kuthekera koyambitsa matenda.kulimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera. 14 Kuphatikiza apo, Bacillus ndi Azospirillum ndi mitundu ya PGPB yomwe yaphunziridwa kwambiri pankhani yokweza kukula ndi kukolola kwa zomera. 15 Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuthira Azospirillum brasiliensis ndi Bradyrhizobium mu nyemba kungathandize kukolola chimanga, tirigu, soya, ndi nyemba za impso. 16, 17 Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kuthira Salicornia ndi Bacillus licheniformis ndi PGPB zina zimathandizana kukula kwa zomera ndi kudya michere. 18 Azospirillum brasiliensis Sp7 ndi Bacillus sphaericus UPMB10 zimathandiza kukula kwa mizu ya nthochi yotsekemera. Mofananamo, mbewu za fennel zimakhala zovuta kubzala chifukwa cha kukula kochepa kwa zomera komanso kumera kochepa, makamaka pamene chilala chili pansi pa nyengo ya chilala. Kuchiza mbewu ndi Pseudomonas fluorescens ndi Trichoderma harzianum kumathandiza kukula msanga kwa mbande za fennel pamene chilala chili pansi pa nyengo ya chilala. Pa stevia, maphunziro achitika kuti awone momwe bowa wa mycorrhizal ndi kukula kwa zomera zomwe zimapangitsa kuti rhizobacteria (PGPR) ikule bwino, kusonkhanitsa ma metabolites achiwiri, ndikuwonetsa majini omwe amagwira ntchito mu biosynthesis. Malinga ndi Rahi et al.22, kuyika zomera ndi ma PGPR osiyanasiyana kunathandizira kukula kwawo, photosynthetic index, komanso kusonkhanitsa stevioside ndi stevioside A. Kumbali ina, kuika stevia ndi rhizobia yomwe imalimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera ndi bowa wa arbuscular mycorrhizal kunalimbikitsa kutalika kwa zomera, stevioside, mchere, ndi utoto.23 Oviedo-Pereira et al.24 adanena kuti ma endophytes okwiyitsa a Enterobacter hormaechei H2A3 ndi H5A2 adawonjezera kuchuluka kwa SG, adalimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa trichome m'masamba, ndikulimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa ma metabolites enaake mu trichomes, koma sanalimbikitse kukula kwa zomera;
GA3 ndi imodzi mwa mapuloteni ofunika kwambiri komanso ogwira ntchito m'thupi omwe ali ngati gibberellin31. Kuchiza stevia ndi GA3 kunja kungapangitse kuti tsinde litalike komanso kuti maluwa ayambe kuphuka32. Kumbali ina, kafukufuku wina wanena kuti GA3 ndi chinthu chomwe chimalimbikitsa zomera kupanga zinthu zina monga ma antioxidants ndi utoto, komanso ndi njira yodzitetezera33.
Ubale wa phylogenetic wa zolekanitsa poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya matenda. Manambala a GenBank accession amaperekedwa m'maboloketi.
Zochita za Amylase, cellulase ndi protease zimawonetsedwa ngati mipiringidzo yowonekera bwino kuzungulira madera, pomwe ma precipitates oyera kuzungulira maderawo akuwonetsa ntchito ya lipase. Monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu Table 2, B. paramycoides SrAM4 imatha kupanga ma hydrolases onse, pomwe B. paralicheniformis SrMA3 imatha kupanga ma enzymes onse kupatula cellulase, ndipo B. licheniformis SrAM2 imapanga cellulase yokha.
Mitundu ingapo yofunika kwambiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda yakhala ikugwirizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kapangidwe ka metabolite yachiwiri m'zomera zamankhwala ndi zonunkhira74. Ma antioxidants onse a enzymatic ndi osakhala a enzymatic adawonjezeka kwambiri mu S. rebaudiana Shou-2 poyerekeza ndi kulamulira. Zotsatira zabwino za PGPB pa TPC mu mpunga zidanenedwanso ndi Chamam et al.75; Kuphatikiza apo, zotsatira zathu zikugwirizana ndi zotsatira za TPC, TFC, ndi DPPH mu S. rebaudiana, zomwe zidachitika chifukwa cha kuphatikizana kwa Piriformospora indica ndi Azotobacter chroococcum76. TPC ndi TFC77 zinali zapamwamba kwambiri m'zomera za basil zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda poyerekeza ndi zomera zomwe sizinalandire chithandizo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezeka kwa ma antioxidants kumatha kuchitika pazifukwa ziwiri: ma enzyme a hydrolytic amalimbikitsa njira zodzitetezera zomera zomwe zimayambitsidwa mofanana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mpaka chomeracho chizolowere kukhazikika kwa mabakiteriya78. Kachiwiri, PGPB ikhoza kugwira ntchito ngati choyambitsa kuyambitsa kwa mankhwala opangidwa ndi bioactive omwe amapangidwa kudzera munjira ya shikimate m'zomera zapamwamba ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda79.
Zotsatira zake zinasonyeza kuti panali mgwirizano pakati pa kuchuluka kwa masamba, kufotokozera majini ndi kupanga kwa SG pamene mitundu yambiri inalandira katemera pamodzi. Kumbali ina, katemera kawiri kanali kabwino kuposa katemera kamodzi pankhani ya kukula ndi kubereka kwa zomera.
Ma enzyme a hydrolytic adapezeka atabaya mabakiteriya pa agar medium yokhala ndi chizindikiro cha substrate ndi kulowetsedwa pa 28 °C kwa masiku 2-5. Pambuyo pobaya mabakiteriya pa starch agar medium, ntchito ya amylase idapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la ayodini 100. Ntchito ya cellulase idapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito 0.2% aqueous Congo red reagent malinga ndi njira ya Kianngam et al. 101. Ntchito ya protease idawonedwa kudzera m'malo owonekera ozungulira madera opakidwa pa skim milk agar medium monga momwe Cui et al. 102 adafotokozera. Kumbali inayi, lipase 100 idapezeka atabaya pa Tween agar medium.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-06-2025