Ulimi ndiye chida chofunikira kwambiri pamisika yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo machitidwe azachilengedwe amakumana ndi zovuta zambiri. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa feteleza wa mankhwala padziko lonse kukukulirakulira ndipo kumagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pa zokolola za mbewu1. Komabe, mbewu zomwe zimabzalidwa motere sizikhala ndi nthawi yokwanira kuti zikule ndi kukhwima bwino motero sizikhala ndi mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri2. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala owopsa kwambiri amatha kudziunjikira m'thupi la munthu ndi dothi3. Choncho, pakufunika kukhazikitsa njira zotetezera zachilengedwe komanso zokhazikika kuti muchepetse kufunikira kwa feteleza wamankhwala. Tizilombo tating'ono tothandiza titha kukhala gwero lofunikira lachilengedwe chachilengedwe chachilengedwe4.
Madera a Endophytic omwe ali m'masamba amasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wa zomera zomwe zimachitikira kapena genotype, siteji ya kukula kwa zomera, ndi morphology ya zomera. 13 Kafukufuku wambiri wanena kuti Azospirillum, Bacillus, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, ndi Enterobacter ali ndi kuthekerakulimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera. 14 Kuphatikiza apo, Bacillus ndi Azospirillum ndi mtundu wa PGPB womwe umaphunziridwa mozama kwambiri potengera kukula kwa mbewu ndi zokolola. 15 Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti co-inoculation of Azospirillum brasiliensis and Bradyrhizobium in legumes imatha kukulitsa zokolola za chimanga, tirigu, soya, ndi impso. 16, 17 Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti inoculation ya Salicornia ndi Bacillus licheniformis ndi PGPBs zina synergistically zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera ndi kudya zakudya. 18 Azospirillum brasiliensis Sp7 ndi Bacillus sphaericus UPMB10 amathandizira kukula kwa mizu ya nthochi yokoma. Momwemonso, mbewu za fennel zimakhala zovuta kumera chifukwa chosamera bwino komanso kumera kochepa, makamaka panthawi ya chilala20. Kuchiza mbewu ndi Pseudomonas fluorescens ndi Trichoderma harzianum kumathandizira kukula msanga kwa mbande za fennel pansi pa zovuta za chilala21. Kwa stevia, kafukufuku wachitika kuti awunike zotsatira za bowa wa mycorrhizal ndi kukula kwa mbewu zomwe zimalimbikitsa rhizobacteria (PGPR) pa kuthekera kwa chamoyo kukula, kudziunjikira ma metabolites achiwiri, ndikuwonetsa majini omwe amakhudzidwa ndi biosynthesis. Malingana ndi Rahi et al.22, kulowetsedwa kwa zomera zokhala ndi PGPRs zosiyana kumapangitsa kukula kwawo, ndondomeko ya photosynthetic, ndi kudzikundikira kwa stevioside ndi stevioside A. Kumbali inayi, kulowetsedwa kwa stevia ndi zomera zomwe zimalimbikitsa kukula kwa rhizobia ndi arbuscular mycorrhizal bowa zinalimbikitsa kutalika kwa zomera, mchere wa stevioside, ndi pigrevioside. et al.24 inanena kuti ma endophytes okwiyitsa Enterobacter hormaechei H2A3 ndi H5A2 adachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa SG, kulimbikitsa kuchuluka kwa trichome m'masamba, komanso kulimbikitsa kudzikundikira kwa metabolites enieni mu trichomes, koma sizinalimbikitse kukula kwa mbewu;
GA3 ndi imodzi mwamapuloteni ofunikira kwambiri komanso opangidwa ndi biologically ngati gibberellin31. Kuchiza kwachilendo kwa stevia ndi GA3 kumatha kukulitsa kutalika kwa tsinde ndi kuphuka32. Kumbali ina, kafukufuku wina wanena kuti GA3 ndi chothandizira chomwe chimalimbikitsa zomera kuti zipange metabolites yachiwiri monga antioxidants ndi pigments, komanso ndi njira yodzitetezera33.
Maubwenzi a phylogenetic a zodzipatula molingana ndi mitundu ina yamavuto. Manambala olowa mu GenBank amaperekedwa m'makolo.
Ntchito za Amylase, cellulase ndi protease zikuwonetsedwa ngati magulu omveka bwino kuzungulira madera, pomwe mafunde oyera kuzungulira madera akuwonetsa ntchito ya lipase. Monga momwe tawonetsera mu Table 2, B. paramycoides SrAM4 ikhoza kupanga ma hydrolases onse, pamene B. paralicheniformis SrMA3 ikhoza kupanga ma enzyme onse kupatula cellulase, ndipo B. licheniformis SrAM2 imapanga cellulase yokha.
Mitundu ingapo yofunikira ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono talumikizidwa ndikuwonjezeka kwachiwiri kwa metabolite kaphatikizidwe muzomera zamankhwala ndi zonunkhira74. Ma antioxidants onse a enzymatic ndi osakhala enzymatic adawonjezeka kwambiri mu S. rebaudiana Shou-2 poyerekeza ndi kuwongolera. Zotsatira zabwino za PGPB pa TPC mu mpunga zinanenedwanso ndi Chamam et al.75; Kuwonjezera apo, zotsatira zathu zimagwirizana ndi zotsatira za TPC, TFC, ndi DPPH ku S. rebaudiana, zomwe zinkachitika chifukwa cha zochita zophatikizana za Piriformospora indica ndi Azotobacter chroococcum76. TPC ndi TFC77 zinali zapamwamba kwambiri muzomera za basil zomwe zimathandizidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda poyerekeza ndi mbewu zosatetezedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezeka kwa ma antioxidants kumatha kuchitika pazifukwa ziwiri: ma hydrolytic enzymes amalimbikitsa njira zodzitetezera za zomera zomwe zimapangidwira mofanana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda mpaka chomeracho chizolowera ku colonization78. Kachiwiri, PGPB ikhoza kukhala ngati woyambitsa kulowetsedwa kwa mankhwala a bioactive opangidwa kudzera mu njira ya shikimate mu zomera zapamwamba ndi tizilombo 79.
Zotsatira zake zidawonetsa kuti panali mgwirizano wolumikizana pakati pa nambala yamasamba, mawonekedwe a jini ndi kupanga kwa SG pomwe mitundu ingapo idalumikizidwa. Kumbali inayi, kuthirira kaŵirikaŵiri kunali kwapamwamba kuposa katemera kamodzi kokha ponena za kukula kwa zomera ndi zokolola.
Ma enzymes a Hydrolytic adadziwika pambuyo poyamwa mabakiteriya pa sing'anga ya agar yokhala ndi gawo lapansi losonyeza ndi kuyika pa 28 ° C kwa masiku 2-5. Pambuyo popaka mabakiteriya pa wowuma agar sing'anga, ntchito ya amylase idatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la ayodini 100. Ntchito ya ma cell idatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito 0.2% yamadzi yofiira ku Congo molingana ndi njira ya Kianngam et al. 101 . Zochita za Protease zidawonedwa kudzera m'malo omveka bwino ozungulira madera omwe adakutidwa ndi skim milk agar medium monga akufotokozera Cui et al. 102 . Kumbali ina, lipase 100 idazindikirika pambuyo pa inoculation pa Tween agar medium.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-06-2025