Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti chifukwa chakuti kulumidwa ndi udzudzu kumachitika kawirikawiri masana, kunyowetsa nsalu ndi mankhwala othamangitsa tizilombo ndi njira yosavuta komanso yothandiza.
Kuyambira ku Africa mpaka ku Latin America, kenako ku Asia, kwa zaka mazana ambiri amayi akhala akukulunga ana awo ndi nsalu ndikuwanyamula kumbuyo. Masiku ano, mwambo umenewu, womwe umadutsa kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo kupita ku mibadwomibadwo, ukhoza kukhala mankhwala opulumutsa moyo a malungo.
Ofufuza ku Uganda apeza kuti kuchiza mapaketi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo otchedwa permethrin kungachepetse kuchuluka kwa malungo pakati pa makanda omwe ali m'mapaketiwo ndi magawo awiri mwa atatu.
Matenda a malungo amapha anthu opitilira 600,000 chaka chilichonse, ambiri mwa iwo ndi ana osakwana zaka zisanu ku Africa.
Kuyesera komwe kunachitika kumudzi wakumidzi wa Kasese kumadzulo kwa Uganda kunakhudza amayi 400 ndi makanda awo, azaka pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Theka la makandawo linagwiritsa ntchito matewera opangidwa ndi permethrin, omwe amadziwika kuti "lesus," pomwe theka lina linagwiritsa ntchito matewera wamba osachiritsidwa, ongoviikidwa m'madzi, ngati mankhwala ophera udzudzu "wonyenga".
Ofufuzawo anawatsatira kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuti aone makanda omwe amadwala malungo ndipo amathandizanso matewerawo mwezi uliwonse.
Makanda omwe anaikidwa matewera ochiritsidwa anali ndi mwayi wochepa wa kutenga malungo ndi magawo awiri mwa atatu. Mu gulu ili la makanda, kuchuluka kwa malungo kunali 0.73 pa makanda 100 pa sabata, poyerekeza ndi makanda 2.14 pa makanda 100 pa sabata m'gulu lina.
Mayi wina, yemwe analipo pamsonkhano wa anthu ammudzi kuti akambirane zotsatira za kafukufukuyu, anaimirira nauza aliyense kuti, “Ndili ndi ana asanu. Iyi ndi nthawi yoyamba kunyamula mwana mu thewera lothandizidwa, komanso ndi nthawi yoyamba kubereka mwana amene sanadwalepo malungo.”
Edgar Mugma Mulogo, pulofesa wa zaumoyo wa anthu komanso wofufuza wamkulu ku Mbalala University of Science and Technology ku Uganda, anati zomwe zapezekazi zinali "zosangalatsa kwambiri" kwa aliyense.
"Tinkayembekezera zabwino zomwe zingabwere, koma tinadabwa kwambiri ndi kukula kwa zabwinozo."
Wolemba mnzake, Dr. Ross Boyce wa ku University of North Carolina ku Chapel Hill, adadabwa ndipo adati kuyeseraku kuyenera kubwerezedwanso kuti atsimikizire zotsatira zake. "Kunena zoona, poyamba sindinali wotsimikiza kuti zotsatira zake zipambana," adatero Boyce, "koma ndichifukwa chake timafufuza."
Udzudzu womwe umanyamula tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a malungo nthawi zambiri umadya usiku, kotero maukonde a udzudzu akhala akuthandizira kwambiri popewa ndi kuletsa malungo.
Komabe, akuluma anthu kwambiri nthawi yomwe si nthawi yopuma, monga madzulo kapena m'mawa kwambiri, zomwe zitha kukhala zozolowereka kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde a udzudzu.
Mulogo anati: “Musanagone, mukakhala panja – makamaka m’madera akumidzi komwe khitchini ili panja ndipo anthu angadyere panja – tiyeneranso kupeza njira yothetsera kuluma komwe kungafalitse malungo.”
Iye anati matewera amapezeka paliponse m'madera amenewa ndipo sagwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula ana okha komanso ngati mashawelo, mapepala, ndi ma epuloni. Akukhulupirira kuti matewera ochiritsidwawa akhoza kukhala chida chothandiza pa nkhondo yolimbana ndi malungo ku Uganda. Ananenanso kuti kufunikira kotereku kwaonekera kale m'madera omwe akutenga nawo mbali mu kafukufukuyu.
Akuluakulu azaumoyo ku Uganda komanso mkulu wa pulogalamu yapadziko lonse ya World Health Organization yokhudza malungo adawonetsa nkhawa ndi kafukufukuyu. Kafukufukuyu akhoza kukhala wothandiza kwa makanda, chifukwa chitetezo cha ma antibodies a amayi chimachepa pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zambiri ngakhale mwana asanalandire katemera.
Kafukufukuyu akuwonjezeranso pa kafukufuku wakale wokhudza kuvala zovala zoteteza ku misasa ya othawa kwawo ku Afghanistan, zomwe zawonetsa kupambana kofanana. Malangizo a bungwe la World Health Organization akuzindikira kale kuti zovala zotetezedwa ndi permethrin zimathandiza kupewa malungo.
Mulogo akuyembekeza kuyambitsa kupanga mafilimu azakudya m'deralo mtsogolomu. "Iyi ingakhale mwayi wabwino kwambiri pakukula kwa bizinesi yakomweko."
Ofufuzawo akuti pakufunika njira zingapo kuti njira imeneyi igwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kupereka umboni woti njira imeneyi imagwira ntchito bwino m'malo ena.
Boyce anati mankhwala ophera tizilombo ali ndi mbiri yabwino yotetezeka ndipo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani opanga nsalu kwa zaka zambiri, kuphatikizapo asilikali aku US. Anakumana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo koyamba pamene anali kutumikira ku Iraq.
Makanda omwe anavala matewera opangidwa ndi permethrin anali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga ziphuphu—8.5% ndi 6%, motsatana—koma milandu yonse inali yocheperako ndipo sinafunike kuchotsedwa mu kafukufukuyu. Boyce ndi Mulogo adati kafukufuku wowonjezereka akufunika kuti atsimikizire chitetezo cha njira iyi, koma ubwino wake mwina ndi woposa zoopsa zilizonse.
Boyce akuyembekeza kuphunzira ngati kuchiza yunifolomu ya sukulu kungachepetsenso kufalikira kwa malungo. Komabe, adati pakadali pano akusowa ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito gawo lotsatira la kafukufuku.
Iye akukhulupirira kuti kuphweka kwa njira iyi kudzakopa othandizira. "Ngakhale amayi anga akumvetsa zomwe tikuchita. Sizikunena za fusion protein inhibitor kapena china chilichonse chonga icho. Tangotenga minofuyo, n’kuinyowetsa, ndipo ndi yotsika mtengo kwambiri," adatero.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-20-2026