Feteleza wapadera amatanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wapadera kuti apange zotsatira zabwino za feteleza wapadera. Umawonjezera chinthu chimodzi kapena zingapo, ndipo uli ndi zotsatira zina zofunika kupatula feteleza, kuti ukwaniritse cholinga chowongolera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, kukulitsa zokolola, komanso kukonza ndi kukonza nthaka. Ubwino wake waukulu ndi wotsika mtengo, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama, mogwirizana ndi zosowa zamakono za "kuteteza chilengedwe bwino, kusunga mphamvu zochepa za kaboni". Amaphatikizapo feteleza wolimba, feteleza wamadzimadzi, feteleza wochepa wa chelating, feteleza wochotsa nyanja, feteleza wamadzimadzi wachilengedwe, wowongolera kukula kwa zomera ndi feteleza wowongolera pang'onopang'ono.
Poyerekeza ndi feteleza wachikhalidwe, feteleza wapadera ali ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera mu zinthu zopangira, ukadaulo, njira yogwiritsira ntchito komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Ponena za zinthu zopangira, malinga ndi kufunikira kwapadera, feteleza wapadera amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti awonjezere zinthu zina, komanso amatha kuwonjezera michere yomwe siili mu feteleza wachikhalidwe; Ponena za ukadaulo, ukadaulo wopanga feteleza wapadera ndi wapamwamba kwambiri, monga ukadaulo wa chelating, ukadaulo wokutira, ndi zina zotero. Ponena za njira zogwiritsira ntchito, feteleza wapadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana, monga kugwiritsa ntchito pang'onopang'ono ndikuwongolera feteleza panjira zodyetsera mosalekeza; Ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito, feteleza wapadera pang'onopang'ono amadziwika ndi makampani chifukwa cha ubwino wawo wosamalira chilengedwe, kusintha kwa khalidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito, kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino, feteleza wolunjika, kukonza nthaka, ndi kusintha kwa khalidwe la zinthu zaulimi, ndipo kutchuka kwawo kukupitirirabe kukula.
Mkhalidwe wa chitukuko
Ndi chitukuko cha ulimi wamakono, kasamalidwe ka miyeso ndi kasamalidwe ka mafakitale kwapereka zofunikira kwambiri pa chilengedwe cha nthaka. Njira yachikhalidwe yopititsira patsogolo feteleza singathenso kukwaniritsa zosowa za mabizinesi atsopano komanso ogwira ntchito zaulimi. Ntchito ya feteleza siimangokhala pakukweza zokolola za mbewu. Feteleza wapadera wokhala ndi ntchito yowonjezera zinthu zachilengedwe m'nthaka, kukonza malo okhala nthaka ndi kuwonjezera zinthu zochepa m'mbewu zakopa chidwi chachikulu, ndipo feteleza wapadera nawonso wabweretsa chitukuko chofulumira. Malinga ndi deta, kukula kwa msika wa mafakitale apadera a feteleza ku China mu 2021 ndi 174.717 biliyoni yuan, kuwonjezeka kwa 7%, ndipo kukula kwa msika wamakampani mu 2022 ndi pafupifupi 185.68 biliyoni yuan, kuwonjezeka kwa 6.3%. Pakati pawo, feteleza wosungunuka m'madzi ndi magulu a tizilombo ndi magawo ofunikira kwambiri, omwe ndi 39.8% ndi 25.3%, motsatana.
Feteleza wapadera amatha kukonza malo okhala ndi nthaka, kukweza ubwino wa zinthu zaulimi, kukweza phindu la zachuma chaulimi, ndi chisankho chosapeŵeka cholimbikitsa chitukuko chobiriwira chaulimi ndikutenga njira yopititsira patsogolo chitukuko chokhazikika. Chifukwa cha kukwera kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu okhala m'zaka zaposachedwa, kufunika kwa zinthu zaulimi kwasintha pang'onopang'ono kuchoka pa kuchuluka kupita ku ubwino, ndipo kufunika kwa feteleza wapadera ku China kwapitirira kukula. Malinga ndi deta, mu 2022, kupanga feteleza wapadera ku China kuli pafupifupi matani 33.4255 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa 6.6%; Kufunika kunali pafupifupi matani 320.38 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka ndi 6.9% pachaka.
Malinga ndi mtengo, m'zaka zaposachedwa, mtengo wapakati wogulitsa wa msika wapadera wa feteleza ku China wasonyeza kukwera kwakukulu. Malinga ndi deta, mtengo wapakati wogulitsa wa msika wapadera wa feteleza ku China mu 2022 ndi pafupifupi 5,800 yuan/tani, kutsika ndi 0.6% pachaka, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa 636 yuan/tani poyerekeza ndi 2015.
Kukula kwamtsogolo kwa mafakitale apadera a feteleza
1. Kufunika kwa msika kukupitirira kukula
Chifukwa cha kukula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi komanso chitukuko cha mafakitale a ulimi, kufunikira kwa chakudya ndi zinthu zaulimi kukuwonjezeka. Kuti akwaniritse kufunikira kumeneku, opanga ulimi ayenera kupitiliza kukonza kupanga ndi kupatsa ubwino, ndipo feteleza wapadera amatha kupereka zakudya zokwanira pa mbewu, kulimbikitsa kukula ndi chitukuko chawo, ndikukweza zokolola ndi ubwino. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikukula kwa chidziwitso cha ogula za chitetezo cha chakudya ndi kuteteza chilengedwe, feteleza zachilengedwe, feteleza wachilengedwe ndi feteleza wina wapadera wosamalira chilengedwe, wogwira ntchito bwino komanso wotetezeka akukondedwa kwambiri ndi msika. Chifukwa chake, kufunikira kwa msika wamtsogolo kwa feteleza wapadera kudzapitirira kukula. Malinga ndi deta, msika wapadziko lonse wa feteleza wapadera wawonetsa kukula mwachangu m'zaka zaposachedwa. Pakati pawo, msika wapadera wa feteleza ku Asia ukukula mofulumira kwambiri, zomwe zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi kukweza mafakitale aulimi ndi chitukuko cha zachuma chakumidzi m'maiko osatukuka monga China. Ku China, boma lawonjezera chithandizo chake paulimi m'zaka zaposachedwa, zomwe zalimbikitsa chitukuko ndi kusintha ndi kukweza makampani aulimi, zomwe zimaperekanso malo okulirapo okulitsa msika wapadera wa feteleza.
2. Kukonza ukadaulo kumalimbikitsa kukweza mafakitale
Kukula kwa mafakitale apadera a feteleza sikungasiyanitsidwe ndi chithandizo cha ukadaulo. Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, njira zopangira ndi mulingo waukadaulo wa feteleza wapadera zikukulirakulira nthawi zonse. M'tsogolomu, luso laukadaulo lidzakhala mphamvu yofunika kwambiri yolimbikitsira kukweza mafakitale apadera a feteleza. Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza watsopano kudzalimbikitsanso chitukuko cha msika wapadera wa feteleza. Pakadali pano, feteleza zatsopano zimaphatikizapo feteleza za biofertilizers, feteleza zachilengedwe, feteleza zogwira ntchito, ndi zina zotero. Feteleza izi zili ndi ubwino woteteza chilengedwe, kuchita bwino, chitetezo, ndi zina zotero, ndipo zimatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zosiyanasiyana za opanga ulimi ndi ogula. M'tsogolomu, ndi kusintha kosalekeza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira za kafukufuku wasayansi, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zatsopano zipitiliza kupita patsogolo, kupereka njira zambiri zopititsira patsogolo msika wapadera wa feteleza.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-17-2024