Hainan, monga chigawo choyambirira ku China kuti atsegule msika wazinthu zaulimi, chigawo choyamba kukhazikitsa njira yogulitsira mankhwala ophera tizilombo, chigawo choyamba kukhazikitsa zolemba ndi zolemba za mankhwala ophera tizilombo, njira yatsopano yosinthira malamulo opha tizilombo, nthawi zonse yakhala ikuyang'ana pamakampani opanga zida zaulimi, makamaka masanjidwe akulu amakampani ogulitsa mankhwala ku Hainan.
Pa Marichi 25, 2024, kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za Regulations on Fair Competition of Hainan Free Trade Port ndi Provisions on the Management of Pesticides in Hainan Special Economic Zone, yomwe idayamba kugwira ntchito pa Okutobala 1, 2023, Boma la People's Province la Hainan lidaganiza zochotsa Ntchito Yoyang'anira Ntchito Yogulitsa ndi Kuchepetsa Kuwonongeka kwa Hainan. Special Economic Zone.
Izi zikutanthawuzanso kuti kasamalidwe ka mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku Hainan apita patsogolo kwambiri, msika udzamasulidwa, ndipo anthu 8 okha (October 1, 2023 isanafike, pali mabizinesi 8 ogulitsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, 1,638 ogulitsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi mabizinesi oletsa 298 oletsedwa) m'chigawo cha Haina adzasweka. Zasinthidwa kukhala njira yatsopano yolamulira, kukhala voliyumu yatsopano: ma voliyumu, mitengo yamtengo wapatali, mautumiki a voliyumu.
2023 "malamulo atsopano" akhazikitsidwa
Asanathe kuthetsedwa kwa Njira Zoyang'anira Zogulitsa ndi Kugulitsa Mankhwala Ophera tizilombo ku Hainan Special Economic Zone, Zopereka Zokhudza Ulamuliro wa Mankhwala Ophera Tizilombo ku Hainan Special Economic Zone (zomwe zimadziwika kuti "Provisions") zakhazikitsidwa pa Okutobala 1, 2023.
"Palibenso kusiyanitsa pakati pa ntchito zamagulu ndi zogulitsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuchepetsa mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, komanso osazindikiranso mabizinesi ogulitsa ndi ogulitsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo potsatsa, kuchepetsa mtengo wa kasamalidwe ka mankhwala, ndikukhazikitsa dongosolo loyang'anira lomwe likugwirizana ndi laisensi yoyang'anira mankhwala ophera tizilombo."
Izi zabweretsa uthenga wabwino kwa anthu onse a zaulimi, motero chikalatacho chadziwika ndi kuyamikiridwa ndi ambiri ogulitsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Chifukwa izi zikutanthauza kuti msika wopitilira ma yuan 2 biliyoni pamsika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku Hainan umasulidwa, udzabweretsa kusintha kwatsopano ndi mwayi.
"Zomwe zimaperekedwa" kuchokera ku 2017 version ya 60 zomwe zasinthidwa kufika ku 26, zimatenga mawonekedwe a "malamulo ang'onoang'ono, afupipafupi a mzimu wofulumira", amatsatira zovuta zomwe zimapangidwira, kupanga, kuyendetsa, kusungirako, kusamalira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo panthawi ya mavuto odziwika, omwe akuwongolera.
Pakati pawo, chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri ndikuletsa njira yogulitsira mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Chifukwa chake, zomwe zili mkati ndi mfundo zazikuluzikulu za "malamulo atsopano" omwe akhazikitsidwa pafupifupi theka la chaka, tidzakonza ndikuwunikanso, kuti opanga ndi ogulitsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku Hainan amvetsetse bwino komanso kuzindikira malamulo atsopanowa, kuwongolera bwino ndikusintha masanjidwe awo ndi njira zamabizinesi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wina watsopano pakusintha kwanthawi.
Njira yogulitsira mankhwala ophera tizilombo inathetsedwa mwalamulo
"Zomwe Zingapo" zimayimira malamulo ampikisano wachilungamo pamadoko amalonda aulere, kusintha njira yoyendetsera mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuwongolera machitidwe osavomerezeka abizinesi kuchokera kugwero, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti osewera pamsika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo akutenga nawo mbali mwachilungamo.
Choyamba ndikuletsa njira yogulitsira mankhwala ophera tizilombo, osasiyanitsanso ntchito zogulitsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, komanso kuchepetsa mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Chifukwa chake, mabizinesi ogulitsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso ogulitsa mankhwala sadziŵikanso pogula, kuti achepetse ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Chachiwiri ndikukhazikitsa kasamalidwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kamene kakugwirizana ndi chilolezo cha bizinesi ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndipo ogwira ntchito odziwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo angagwiritse ntchito mwachindunji m'madipatimenti oyenerera a zaulimi ndi akumidzi m'maboma a anthu a mizinda, zigawo ndi zigawo zodzilamulira kumene ntchito zawo zimakhala za chilolezo cha malonda a mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
M'malo mwake, koyambirira kwa 1997, Chigawo cha Hainan chinali choyamba m'dzikolo kukhazikitsa chilolezo chololeza mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikutsegula msika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndipo mu 2005, "Malamulo Angapo Okhudza Ulamuliro wa Mankhwala Ophera Tizilombo ku Hainan Special Economic Zone" idaperekedwa, yomwe idakhazikitsa kusinthaku mwadongosolo.
Mu Julayi 2010, bungwe la Hainan Provincial People's Congress lidalengeza za "Malamulo Angapo Okhudza Kasamalidwe ka Mankhwala Ophera tizilombo ku Hainan Special Economic Zone", kukhazikitsa njira yogulitsira mankhwala ophera tizilombo m'chigawo cha Hainan. Mu April 2011, boma la chigawo cha Hainan linapereka "Measures for the Administration of Pesticide Wholesale and Retail Business Licensing ku Hainan Province", yomwe imati pofika chaka cha 2013, m'chigawo cha Hainan padzakhala mabizinesi a 2-3 okha, omwe ali ndi likulu lolembetsedwa la yuan oposa 100 miliyoni; Chigawochi chili ndi malo ogawa mizinda 18 ndi zigawo; Pali pafupifupi 205 mabizinesi ritelo, mfundo 1 m'tauni iliyonse, ndi likulu analembetsa osachepera 1 miliyoni yuan, ndi mizinda ndi zigawo akhoza kusintha koyenera malinga ndi mmene zinthu zilili chitukuko cha ulimi, masanjidwe a minda boma ndi mikhalidwe ya magalimoto. Mu 2012, Hainan adapereka zilolezo zogulitsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zomwe zikuwonetsa kupita patsogolo kwakukulu pakukonzanso kasamalidwe ka mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku Hainan, ndipo zikutanthauza kuti opanga amatha kugulitsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku Hainan pokhapokha pogwirizana ndi ogulitsa omwe akuitanidwa kuti achitepo kanthu ndi boma.
"Zomwe Zingapo" zimakwaniritsa njira zoyendetsera mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuletsa njira yogulitsira mankhwala ophera tizilombo, osasiyanitsanso malonda ogulitsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kuchepetsa mtengo wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, komanso kusazindikiranso njira zamabizinesi ogulitsa mankhwala ndi ogulitsa mankhwala potsatsa, kuti achepetse mtengo wowongolera mankhwala. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo loyang'anira ziphaso zamabizinesi ophera tizilombo, ogwira ntchito odziwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo atha kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji boma la anthu amzinda, chigawo, boma lodziyimira pawokha lomwe limayang'anira zaulimi ndi maulamuliro akumidzi kuti apeze chilolezo chabizinesi yophera tizilombo.
Ogwira ntchito ku ofesi yoyenera ya Dipatimenti ya Zaulimi ndi Zakumidzi ya Hainan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs anati: Izi zikutanthauza kuti ndondomeko ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku Hainan idzagwirizana ndi ndondomeko ya dziko, palibenso kusiyana pakati pa malonda ndi malonda, ndipo palibe chifukwa cholembera; Kuthetsedwa kwa njira yogulitsira malonda a mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumatanthauza kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo amakhala omasuka kulowa pachilumbachi, malinga ngati zinthuzo zikugwirizana ndi ndondomekoyi, palibe chifukwa cholembera ndi kuvomereza chilumbachi.
Pa Marichi 25, boma la People's Province la Hainan linaganiza zothetsa "Hainan Special Economic Zone Pesticide wholesale and retail business licensing Management Measures" (Qiongfu [2017] No. 25), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti m'tsogolomu, mabizinesi akumtunda amatha kugwirizana ndi mabizinesi pachilumbachi, ndipo ochita malondawo ali ndi malamulo opangira pesti.
Malinga ndi magwero amakampani, pambuyo poti kuthetsedwa kwadongosolo lachilolezo chogulitsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, pakhala mabizinesi ochulukirapo omwe amalowa ku Hainan, mitengo yofananira idzachepetsedwa, ndipo zosankha zambiri zikhala zabwino kwa olima zipatso ndi masamba a Hainan.
Ma biopesticides akulonjeza
Ndime 4 ya Malamulowa ikunena kuti maboma a anthu kumtunda kapena kupitilira mulingo wachigawo, molingana ndi zofunikira, apereke chilimbikitso ndi thandizo kwa iwo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo otetezeka, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito umisiri wachilengedwe, thupi ndi zina kuti apewe ndikuwongolera matenda ndi tizirombo. Limbikitsani opanga ndi ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mabungwe ofufuza zaulimi, makoleji akadaulo ndi mayunivesite, mabungwe apadera othana ndi matenda ndi tizirombo, mabungwe azaulimi ndiukadaulo ndi mabungwe ena okhudzana ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu kuti apereke maphunziro aukadaulo, chitsogozo ndi ntchito kwa ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti biopesticides ikulonjeza pamsika wa Hainan.
Pakali pano, mankhwala ophera tizilombo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu mbewu zandalama zoimiridwa ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba, ndipo Hainan ndi chigawo chachikulu chomwe chili ndi zokolola zambiri za zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ku China.
Malinga ndi Statistics Bulletin of Hainan Province la National Economic and Social Development mu 2023, kuyambira 2022, malo okolola masamba (kuphatikizapo mavwende a masamba) m'chigawo cha Hainan adzakhala 4.017 miliyoni mu, ndipo zotsatira zake zidzakhala matani 6.0543 miliyoni; Malo okolola zipatso anali 3.2630 miliyoni mu, ndipo zotsatira zake zinali matani 5.6347 miliyoni.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuvulala kwa nsikidzi zosamva, monga ma thrips, nsabwe za m'masamba, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi whitefly, zakhala zikuchulukirachulukira chaka ndi chaka, ndipo kuwongolera ndizovuta. Potengera kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso kukulitsa luso komanso chitukuko chaulimi wobiriwira, Hainan yakhala ikugwiritsa ntchito lingaliro la "kupewa ndi kuwongolera zobiriwira". Kupyolera mu kuphatikiza kwa biopesticides ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo amphamvu kwambiri komanso otsika kawopsedwe, Hainan yaphatikiza njira zopewera ndi kuwongolera matenda akuthupi ndi ukadaulo wowongolera tizilombo, ukadaulo woteteza chitetezo ku zomera, ukadaulo wowongolera mankhwala a biopesticide ndiukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri komanso wochepetsera mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Itha kutalikitsa nthawi yopewera ndikuwongolera ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito, kuti tikwaniritse cholinga chochepetsa kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndikuwongolera mbewu.
Mwachitsanzo, poyang'anira ma thrips olimbana ndi nkhungu, dipatimenti ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku Hainan imalimbikitsa kuti alimi agwiritse ntchito ka 1000 madzi a Metaria anisopliae kuphatikiza 5.7% Metaria mchere 2000 wamadzimadzi, kuphatikiza mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi kuonjezera ovicide, wamkulu ndi dzira nthawi imodzi, kuti ateteze kuchulukitsa kwanthawi yayitali.
Titha kulosera kuti ma biopesticides ali ndi mwayi wotsatsa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito msika wa zipatso ndi masamba ku Hainan.
Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oletsedwa kudzakhala kuyang'aniridwa kwambiri
Chifukwa cha zovuta zachigawo, zoletsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku Hainan nthawi zonse zimakhala zokhwima kuposa zomwe zili kumtunda. Pa Marichi 4, 2021, dipatimenti ya zaulimi ndi zaulimi m'chigawo cha Hainan idatulutsa "Mndandanda wazoletsa Kupanga, Kuyendetsa, Kusungirako, Kugulitsa ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Ophera Tizilombo ku Hainan Special Economic Zone" (yosinthidwa mu 2021). Chilengezocho chinatchula mankhwala 73 oletsedwa, ochuluka seveni kuposa mndandanda wa mankhwala oletsedwa opangidwa ndi Unduna wa Zaulimi ndi Zakumidzi. Mwa iwo, kugulitsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito fenvalerate, butyryl hydrazine (bijo), chlorpyrifos, triazophos, flufenamide ndizoletsedwa.
Ndime 3 ya Zoperekazo ikunena kuti kupanga, kuyendetsa, kusunga, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi zinthu zoopsa komanso zoopsa kwambiri ndizoletsedwa ku Hainan Special Economic Zone. Kumene kuli koyenera kupanga kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala okhala ndi poyizoni kwambiri kapena poyizoni kwambiri chifukwa cha zosowa zapadera, chivomerezo chidzapezedwa kuchokera ku dipatimenti yoyenerera ya zaulimi ndi nkhani zakumidzi ya boma la anthu akuchigawo; pomwe chivomerezo chidzapezedwa kuchokera ku dipatimenti yoyenerera ya zaulimi ndi Nkhani zakumidzi ya The State Council molingana ndi lamulo, zonena zake zidzatsatiridwa. Dipatimenti yoyenerera yaulimi ndi zochitika zakumidzi ya boma la anthu azigawo idzasindikiza kwa anthu ndikusindikiza ndikugawa mndandanda wa mitundu ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo komanso kuchuluka kwa momwe ntchito yopangira, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumalimbikitsidwa, kuletsedwa ndi kuletsedwa ndi Boma ndi madera apadera azachuma, ndikuziyika kumalo opangira mankhwala ophera tizilombo (malo a komiti ya anthu) Ndiko kunena kuti, mu gawo ili la mndandanda woletsedwa wogwiritsidwa ntchito, udakali pansi pa Zone Yapadera ya Hainan.
Palibe ufulu mtheradi, njira yogulitsira mankhwala ophera tizilombo pa intaneti ndiyomveka bwino
Kuthetsedwa kwa njira yogulitsira mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumatanthauza kuti kugulitsa ndi kuyang'anira mankhwala pachilumbachi ndi kwaulere, koma ufulu si ufulu wonse.
Ndime 8 ya "Zopereka Zambiri" ikuthandiziranso kukonza kasamalidwe ka mankhwala kuti agwirizane ndi momwe zinthu zilili zatsopano, mawonekedwe atsopano ndi zofunikira zatsopano pankhani yofalitsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Choyamba, kukhazikitsidwa kwa ledja yamagetsi, opanga mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi ogwira ntchito ayenera kukhazikitsa ledja yamagetsi kudzera pa nsanja yoyang'anira zidziwitso za mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mbiri yokwanira komanso yowona ya kugula ndi kugulitsa mankhwala, kuti awonetsetse kuti gwero ndi kopita kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo atha kupezeka. Chachiwiri ndikukhazikitsa ndi kukonza njira yogulira ndi kugulitsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo pa intaneti, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kugulitsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo pa intaneti kuyenera kutsatiridwa ndi zofunikira pakuwongolera mankhwala. Chachitatu ndikuwunikiranso dipatimenti yowunikira zotsatsa za mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kutanthauza kuti kutsatsa kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kuyenera kuwunikiridwa ndi akuluakulu aboma am'matauni, am'chigawo ndi odziyimira pawokha azaulimi ndi akumidzi asanatulutsidwe, ndipo sadzatulutsidwa popanda kuwunikiranso.
E-commerce ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo imatsegula njira yatsopano
Asanatulutsidwe "Zopereka Zina", mankhwala onse ophera tizilombo omwe amalowa ku Hainan sangakhale bizinesi yogulitsa, ndipo e-commerce ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo sitingatchulidwe.
Komabe, Ndime 10 ya "Zomwe Zingapo" ikunena kuti omwe akuchita bizinesi yophera tizilombo kudzera pa intaneti ndi maukonde ena azidziwitso ayenera kupeza zilolezo zamabizinesi ophera tizilombo molingana ndi lamulo, ndikupitiliza kulengeza malayisensi awo abizinesi, zilolezo zamabizinesi opha tizilombo ndi zidziwitso zina zenizeni zokhudzana ndi mabizinesi omwe ali pamalo otchuka patsamba lofikira patsamba lawo kapena patsamba lalikulu la bizinesi yawo. Iyenera kusinthidwa munthawi yake.
Izi zikutanthawuzanso kuti e-commerce e-phesticide, yomwe inali yoletsedwa mwamphamvu, yatsegula vutoli ndipo ikhoza kulowa mumsika wa Hainan pambuyo pa October 1, 2023. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwanso kuti "Zopereka Zambiri" zimafuna kuti mayunitsi ndi anthu omwe amagula mankhwala ophera tizilombo kudzera pa intaneti ayenera kupereka chidziwitso chowona komanso chogwira ntchito chogula. Koma zilibe kanthu, chifukwa pakadali pano, mbali zonse ziwiri zamalonda a e-commerce ndikulembetsa kapena kulembetsa mayina enieni.
Opereka zaulimi ayenera kuchita ntchito yabwino pakusintha kwaukadaulo
Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa "Zopereka Zina" pa Okutobala 1, 2023, zikutanthauza kuti msika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku Hainan wakhazikitsa njira yoyang'anira yomwe ikugwirizana ndi chilolezo chabizinesi yamankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndiko kuti, msika wogwirizana. Kuphatikizidwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa boma kwa "Hainan Special Economic Zone Pesticides and retail business license Management Measures", zikutanthauza kuti pansi pa msika waukulu wogwirizana, mtengo wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku Hainan udzatsimikiziridwa kwambiri ndi msika.
Mosakayikira, chotsatira, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa kusintha, kukonzanso kwa msika wa mankhwala ophera tizilombo ku Hainan kudzapitirizabe kufulumira ndikugwera mu voliyumu yamkati: ma voliyumu, mitengo yamtengo wapatali, mautumiki a voliyumu.
Ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale adanena kuti "8 aliyense" atasweka, chiwerengero cha ogulitsa mankhwala ndi masitolo ogulitsa ku Hainan chidzawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, magwero ogula adzakhala osiyanasiyana, ndipo mtengo wogula udzachepa; Chiwerengero cha mankhwala ndi mankhwala opangira mankhwala chidzawonjezekanso kwambiri, ndipo malo osankhidwa kwa ogulitsa ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati, ogulitsa, ndi alimi kuti agule mankhwala ophera tizilombo adzawonjezeka, ndipo mtengo wa mankhwala kwa alimi udzachepa moyenerera. Mpikisano wa othandizira ukukulirakulira, kuyang'anizana ndi kuchotsedwa kapena kusinthanso; Njira zogulitsira zaulimi zidzakhala zazifupi, opanga amatha kufika mwachindunji ku terminal/alimi kuposa ogulitsa; Zoonadi, mpikisano wamsika udzatenthedwa kwambiri, nkhondo yamtengo wapatali idzakhala yowonjezereka. Makamaka kwa ogulitsa ndi ogulitsa ku Hainan, mpikisano waukulu uyenera kuchoka kuzinthu zopangira zinthu kupita kumayendedwe aukadaulo, kuchoka kugulitsa zinthu m'sitolo kupita kugulitsa ukadaulo ndi ntchito m'munda, ndipo ndi njira yosapeŵeka kusinthika kukhala wopereka chithandizo chaukadaulo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-22-2024