1. Limbikitsani kudula mizu ya mtengo wa tiyi
Naphthalene acetic acid (sodium) musanayikemo gwiritsani ntchito madzi a 60-100mg/L kuti mulowetse pansi pa choduliracho kwa maola 3-4, kuti muwongolere zotsatira zake, mungagwiritsenso ntchito kuchuluka kwa α mononaphthalene acetic acid (sodium) 50mg/L+ IBA 50mg/L kwa chosakanizacho, kapena α mononaphthalene acetic acid (sodium) 100mg/L+ vitamini B, 5mg/L ya chosakanizacho.
Samalani ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito: gwirani mosamala nthawi yonyowa, nthawi yayitali ingayambitse kutaya masamba; Naphthylacetic acid (sodium) ili ndi zotsatira zoyipa zoletsa kukula kwa tsinde ndi nthambi pamwamba pa nthaka, ndipo ndibwino kusakaniza ndi zinthu zina zoyambira mizu.
Musanaike IBA, ikani 20-40mg/L ya mankhwala amadzimadzi pansi pa zidutswazo kutalika kwa 3-4 cm kwa maola atatu. Komabe, IBA imawonongeka mosavuta ndi kuwala, ndipo mankhwalawo ayenera kupakidwa mu mdima ndikusungidwa pamalo ozizira komanso ouma.
Mitundu ya mtengo wa tiyi yokhala ndi 50% naphthalene · ufa wa mizu ya ethyl indole 500 mg/L, mitundu yokhala ndi mizu yosavuta 300-400 mg/L ufa wa mizu kapena kuviika kwa masekondi 5, ikani kwa maola 4-8, kenako iduleni. Ikhoza kulimbikitsa mizu yoyambirira, masiku 14 isanayang'aniridwe. Chiwerengero cha mizu chinawonjezeka, 18 kuposa chowongolera; Chiŵerengero cha kupulumuka chinali chokwera ndi 41.8% kuposa chowongolera. Kulemera kouma kwa mizu yaing'ono kunawonjezeka ndi 62.5%. Kutalika kwa chomera kunali kokwera ndi 15.3 cm kuposa chowongolera. Pambuyo pa chithandizo, chiŵerengero cha kupulumuka chinafika pafupifupi 100%, ndipo chiŵerengero cha kupanga nazale chinawonjezeka ndi 29.6%. Chiwerengero chonse cha zokolola chinawonjezeka ndi 40 peresenti.
2. Limbikitsani kuyambitsa masamba a tiyi
Mphamvu yolimbikitsa ya gibberellin makamaka ndi yakuti imatha kukulitsa kugawikana kwa maselo ndi kutalika, motero imathandizira kumera kwa mphukira, kulimbikitsa ndikufulumizitsa kukula kwa mphukira. Pambuyo popopera, mphukira zomwe sizinali m'malo mwake zidalimbikitsidwa kuti zimere mwachangu, kuchuluka kwa mphukira ndi masamba kudawonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa masamba kudachepa, ndipo kusungidwa kwa kufewa kunali kwabwino. Malinga ndi kuyesera kwa Tea Science Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, kuchuluka kwa mphukira zatsopano kudakwera ndi 10%-25% poyerekeza ndi kulamulira, tiyi wa masika nthawi zambiri adakwera ndi pafupifupi 15%, tiyi wachilimwe adakwera ndi pafupifupi 20%, ndipo tiyi wa autumn adakwera ndi pafupifupi 30%.
Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kuyenera kukhala koyenera, nthawi zambiri 50-100 mg/L ndi koyenera, 667m⊃2 iliyonse; Thirani 50kg ya mankhwala amadzimadzi pa chomera chonse. Kutentha kwa masika kumakhala kotsika, kuchuluka kwake kungakhale kokwera; Chilimwe, kutentha kwa autumn kumakhala kokwera, kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kukhala kotsika, malinga ndi zomwe zachitika m'deralo, zotsatira zoyambira za kupopera kwa tsamba ndi zabwino, nyengo yotsika kutentha ikhoza kupopera tsiku lonse, nyengo yotentha kwambiri iyenera kuchitika madzulo, kuti mtengo wa tiyi uzitha kuyamwa bwino, kuti ugwire bwino ntchito.
Kuika 10-40mg/L gibberellic acid pa petiole ya masamba kumatha kuswa nthambi za mitengo ya tiyi yaing'ono yopanda nthambi, ndipo mitengo ya tiyi imakula masamba 2-4 pofika pakati pa mwezi wa February, pomwe mitengo ya tiyi yoletsa imayamba kumera masamba mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March.
Chidziwitso Chogwiritsira Ntchito: Sizingasakanizidwe ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo a alkaline, feteleza, ndikusakaniza ndi 0.5% urea kapena 1% ammonium sulfate; Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, nyengo iliyonse ya tiyi kuyenera kupopedwa kamodzi kokha, ndipo mutapopedwa kuti mulimbikitse feteleza ndi kasamalidwe ka madzi; Mphamvu ya gibberellin m'thupi la tiyi ndi pafupifupi masiku 14. Chifukwa chake, ndikoyenera kusankha tiyi wokhala ndi mphukira imodzi ndi masamba atatu; Gibberellin iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nayo.
3. Limbikitsani kukula kwa masamba a tiyi
Pambuyo popopera ndi sodium nitrophenolate ya 1.8%, chomera cha tiyi chinawonetsa zotsatira zosiyanasiyana za thupi. Choyamba, mtunda pakati pa mphukira ndi masamba unakulitsidwa, ndipo kulemera kwa mphukira kunawonjezeka, komwe kunali kokwera ndi 9.4% kuposa komwe kunalamulidwa. Chachiwiri, kumera kwa mphukira zobwera kunalimbikitsidwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mphukira kunawonjezeka ndi 13.7%. Chachitatu ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa chlorophyll, kukonza mphamvu ya photosynthesis, ndi mtundu wa masamba obiriwira. Malinga ndi mayeso apakati a zaka ziwiri, tiyi wa masika unakwera ndi 25.8%, tiyi wachilimwe unakwera ndi 34.5%, tiyi wa autumn unakwera ndi 26.6%, kuwonjezeka kwapakati pachaka kwa 29.7%. Chiŵerengero cha dilution chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'minda ya tiyi ndi nthawi 5000, iliyonse ndi 667m⊃2; Thirani madzi a 12.5mL ndi 50kg a madzi. Kuyika mipanda ya tiyi musanamere nyengo iliyonse kungathandize kuti mphukira zoyamba za m'khwapa ziyambe kumera. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito tiyi wa masika koyambirira kumakhala ndi phindu lalikulu pazachuma, ngati utapopedwa kumayambiriro kwa mphukira ndi tsamba, mphamvu ya kuyamwa kwa mitengo ya tiyi imakhala yamphamvu, ndipo zotsatira zake zowonjezera kupanga zimakhala zoonekeratu. Tiyi wa masika nthawi zambiri amapopedwa kawiri, tiyi wa chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira amatha kuphatikizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndipo mankhwala ophera tizilombo amasakanikirana, amapopedwa mofanana pa masamba abwino ndi kumbuyo, onyowa popanda kudontha ndi ochepa, kuti akwaniritse zotsatira ziwiri za kulamulira tizilombo ndikulimbikitsa kukula.
Chidziwitso: Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, musapitirire kuchuluka kwake; Ngati mvula yagwa mkati mwa maola 6 mutathira, kupoperanso kuyenera kuchitika; Madontho opopera ayenera kukhala abwino kuti awonjezere kumatirira, kupopera kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa tsamba mofanana, palibe kudontha kwabwino; Yankho la stock liyenera kusungidwa pamalo ozizira kutali ndi kuwala.
4. Letsani kupangika kwa mbewu za tiyi
Mitengo ya tiyi imalimidwa kuti idule mphukira zambiri, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowongolera kukula kwa zipatso ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira ndi masamba ndi njira yothandiza yowonjezera phindu la tiyi. Njira yogwirira ntchito ya ethephon pa chomera cha tiyi ndikulimbikitsa ntchito ya maselo a lamellar mu phesi la maluwa ndi phesi la zipatso kuti akwaniritse cholinga chotaya. Malinga ndi kuyesera kwa Dipatimenti ya Tiyi ya Zhejiang Agricultural University, kuchuluka kwa maluwa kumagwa pafupifupi 80% pambuyo popopera pafupifupi masiku 15. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kudya zakudya za zipatso chaka chamawa, kupanga tiyi kumatha kuwonjezeka ndi 16.15%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kupopera konse kumakhala koyenera kwambiri kufika pa 800-1000 mg/L. Popeza kutulutsidwa kwa mamolekyu a ethylene kumafulumizitsidwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha, kuchuluka kuyenera kuchepetsedwa moyenera pamene mphukira ili yaying'ono, minofu ikukula mwamphamvu kapena kutentha kuli kwakukulu, ndipo kuchuluka kuyenera kukhala koyenera pamene maluwa ambiri atseguka ndipo kukula kuli pang'onopang'ono kapena kutentha kuli kotsika. Kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Novembala, kupopera kunachitika, ndipo zotsatira za kuchulukitsa phindu zinali zabwino kwambiri.
Kuchuluka kwa ethephon spray sikuyenera kupitirira kuchuluka kwake, apo ayi kungayambitse zinyalala zosazolowereka za masamba, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zinyalala za masamba kudzawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa zinyalalazo. Pofuna kuchepetsa kufota kwa masamba, ethephon yosakaniza ndi 30-50mg/L gibberellin spray imakhudza kwambiri kusunga masamba, ndipo siikhudza momwe mphukira zimacheperachepera. Mukapopera, muyenera kusankha masiku a mitambo kapena usiku kwambiri, osafuna mvula mkati mwa maola 12 mutagwiritsa ntchito.
5. Fulumizani kupangika kwa mbewu
Kufalitsa mbewu ndi njira imodzi yofunika kwambiri yoberekera mbande za tiyi. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zimamera monga α-mononaphthalene acetic acid (sodium), gibberellin, ndi zina zotero, kungathandize kuti mbewu zimere bwino, mizu yake ikule bwino, kukula msanga komanso kumera msanga.
Mbewu za tiyi zoviikidwa mu 10-20mg/L naphthylacetic acid (sodium) kwa maola 48, kenako n’kutsukidwa ndi madzi mutabzala, zitha kufukulidwa pafupifupi masiku 15 m’mbuyomo, ndipo gawo lonse la mbande ndi masiku 19-25 m’mbuyomo.
Kumera kwa mbewu za tiyi kungachedwetsedwe mwa kuviika mbewu mu 100mg/L gibberellin solution kwa maola 24.
6. Wonjezerani zokolola za tiyi
Kuchuluka kwa masamba atsopano a mtengo wa tiyi ndi madzi a sodium nitrophenolate 1.8% kumadalira kuchuluka kwa kumera ndi kulemera kwa mphukira. Zotsatira zake zasonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa kumera kwa zomera za tiyi zomwe zapatsidwa madzi a sodium nitrophenolate 1.8% kunawonjezeka ndi kupitirira 20% poyerekeza ndi kulamulira. Kutalika kwa mphukira, kulemera kwa mphukira, ndi kulemera kwa mphukira imodzi ndi masamba atatu kunali bwino kuposa kulamulira. Kuchuluka kwa zokolola za madzi a sodium nitrophenolate 1.8% ndi kwabwino kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zokolola za mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumakhala bwino ndi madzi ochulukirapo ka 6000, nthawi zambiri madziwo amakhala 3000-6000.
Madzi a sodium nitrophenolate 1.8% angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tiyi m'malo a tiyi. Gwiritsani ntchito kuchuluka kwa madzi koyenera ka 3000-6000, 667m⊃2; Kuthira madzi okwanira 50-60kg. Pakadali pano, kupopera kochepa m'malo a tiyi ndikotchuka kwambiri, ndipo kukasakanizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi bwino kuti mlingo wa madzi a sodium nitrophenolate 1.8% usapitirire 5mL pa chikwama chilichonse cha madzi. Ngati kuchuluka kwake kuli kwakukulu, kudzaletsa kukula kwa tii ndikukhudza zokolola za tiyi. Chiwerengero cha nthawi zopopera mu nyengo ya tiyi chiyenera kudziwika malinga ndi kukula kwa mtengo wa tiyi. Ngati pali mitu yaying'ono ya tii yomwe ikadalipo padenga mutakolola, ikhoza kupopera kachiwiri, kuti zitsimikizire kuti kupanga kukuwonjezeka mu nyengo yonse.
Brassinolide 0.01% ya brassinolide yochepetsedwa ka 5000 madzi opopera amatha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa masamba a tiyi ndi masamba ake, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa kumera, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa masamba ndi masamba ake, komanso kungapangitsenso kuti masamba atsopano awonjezere ndi 17.8% ndi tiyi wouma ndi 15%.
Maluwa ndi zipatso za zomera za tiyi za Ethephon zimadya michere yambiri komanso mphamvu, ndipo kupopera 800 mg/L ya ethephon kuyambira kumapeto kwa Seputembala mpaka Novembala kungachepetse kwambiri zipatso ndi maluwa.
B9 ndi B9 zonse ziwiri zimatha kukulitsa kukula kwa kubereka, kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa zipatso zomwe zimamera komanso zipatso zomwe zimamera pamitengo ya tiyi, zomwe zingathandize kusintha mitundu ina ya mitengo ya tiyi yokhala ndi mbewu zochepa komanso minda ya tiyi kuti ipeze mbewu za tiyi. Kuchiza ndi 1000mg/L, 3000mg/L B9, 250mg/L ndi 500mg/L B9 kumatha kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa zipatso za tiyi ndi 68%-70%.
Gibberellin imalimbikitsa kugawikana kwa maselo ndi kutalika. Zinapezeka kuti pambuyo pa chithandizo cha gibberellin, mphukira za mtengo wa tiyi zomwe sizinali bwino zinamera mofulumira, mutu wa mphukira unakula, masamba anachepa pang'ono, ndipo kusunga kwa tiyi kunali bwino, zomwe zinapanga mikhalidwe yowonjezera zokolola ndikukweza ubwino wa tiyi. Kugwiritsa ntchito gibberellin mu nyengo iliyonse ya mphukira za tiyi ndi tsamba nthawi yoyamba ndi 50-100mg/L popopera masamba, samalani kutentha, nthawi zambiri kutentha kochepa kungagwiritsidwe ntchito tsiku lonse, kutentha kwambiri madzulo.
7. Kuchotsa maluwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
Mbewu zambiri kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira zimadya michere, zimalepheretsa kukula kwa masamba ndi mphukira zatsopano m'nyengo ya masika yotsatira, ndipo kudya michere kumakhudza zokolola ndi ubwino wa tiyi chaka chamawa, ndipo kukolola maluwa opangidwa ndi anthu ndi kovuta kwambiri, kotero njira zopangira mankhwala zakhala njira yopitira patsogolo.
Ethylene pogwiritsa ntchito ethephon pochotsa maluwa pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, mphukira zambiri zimagwa, mbewu zomwe zimatuluka zimakhala zochepa, michere yambiri imasonkhana, zomwe zimathandiza kuti tiyi ikule bwino, komanso kuti tipewe ndalama zambiri.
Mitundu yonse yokhala ndi madzi a ethephon a 500-1000 mg/L, iliyonse 667m⊃2; Kugwiritsa ntchito 100-125kg kupopera mtengo wonse mofanana pamene ukuphuka, kenako kupopera kamodzi pakadutsa masiku 7-10, kumathandiza kuti tiyi ikule bwino. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kuyenera kulamulidwa mosamala, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ethephon kungapangitse masamba kugwa, zomwe sizingakule bwino komanso kukolola. Ndikofunikira kudziwa nthawi ndi mlingo wogwiritsira ntchito malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili, mitundu ndi nyengo, ndipo nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito iyenera kusankhidwa panthawi yomwe kutentha kwatsika pang'onopang'ono, camellia yatseguka, ndipo masamba akhazikitsidwa. Kumapeto kwa nyengo yophukira, kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Novembala ku Zhejiang, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawo sikungapitirire 1000mg/L, kuchuluka kwa mphukira kumatha kutsika pang'ono, ndipo kuchuluka kwa tiyi wozizira m'mapiri kumatha kukwera pang'ono.
8. Limbikitsani kukana kuzizira kwa chomera cha tiyi
Kuwonongeka kwa chimfine ndi chimodzi mwa mavuto akuluakulu omwe amakhudza kupanga tiyi m'dera lamapiri atali komanso kumpoto kwa tiyi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti kupanga tiyi kuchepe komanso kufa. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zowongolera kukula kwa zomera kungachepetse kutuluka kwa madzi pamwamba pa masamba, kapena kukulitsa kukalamba kwa mphukira zatsopano, kukulitsa mulingo wa lignification, ndikuwonjezera kukana kuzizira kapena kukana mitengo ya tiyi pamlingo winawake.
Ethephon yopopera 800mg/L kumapeto kwa Okutobala ikhoza kuletsa kumeranso kwa mitengo ya tiyi kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira ndikuwonjezera kukana kuzizira.
Kupopera 250mg/L ya yankho kumapeto kwa Seputembala kungathandize kuti mitengo ya tiyi ikule bwino pasadakhale, zomwe zimathandiza kuti mphukira za masika zimere bwino m'nyengo yachiwiri yozizira.
9. Sinthani nthawi yokolola tiyi
Kutalikirana kwa mphukira za tiyi m'nyengo ya tiyi ya masika kumakhala ndi mphamvu yogwirizana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tiyi wa masika azichulukana kwambiri m'nyengo ya masika, ndipo kusiyana pakati pa kukolola ndi kupanga kumawonekera kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito gibberellin ndi zina zowongolera kukula kungathandize kukulitsa ntchito ya A-amylase ndi protease, kuti kuwonjezere kapangidwe ndi kusintha kwa mapuloteni ndi shuga, kufulumizitsa kugawikana kwa maselo ndi kutalikirana, kufulumizitsa kukula kwa mtengo wa tiyi, ndikupangitsa mphukira zatsopano kukula pasadakhale; Mfundo yakuti zina zowongolera kukula zimatha kuletsa kugawikana kwa maselo ndi kutalikirana imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati choletsa kuchedwa kwa nthawi ya kusefukira kwa madzi, potero kuwongolera nthawi yokolola tiyi ndikuchepetsa kutsutsana pakugwiritsa ntchito ntchito yotola tiyi pamanja.
Ngati 100mg/L ya gibberellin yathiridwa mofanana, tiyi wa masika ukhoza kuchotsedwa 2-4 pasadakhale ndipo tiyi wa chilimwe ukhoza kuchotsedwa 2-4 pasadakhale.
Alpha-naphthalene acetic acid (sodium) imapopedwa ndi 20mg/L ya mankhwala amadzimadzi, omwe amatha kutengedwa 2-4 pasadakhale.
Kupopera kwa 25mg/L ethephon kungapangitse tiyi wa masika kumera katatu pasadakhale.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-16-2024