1.Limbikitsani kudula mitengo ya tiyi
Naphthalene acetic acid (sodium) pamaso kuyikapo ntchito 60-100mg/L madzi zilowerere kudula m'munsi kwa 3-4h, pofuna kusintha zotsatira, angagwiritsenso ntchito α mononaphthalene asidi asidi (sodium) 50mg/L+ IBA 50mg/L ndende. wa osakaniza, kapena α mononaphthalene asidi asidi (sodium) 100mg/L+ vitamini B, 5mg/L osakaniza.
Samalani ntchito: mosamalitsa kumvetsa akuwukha nthawi, nthawi yaitali kuchititsa defoliation;Naphthylacetic acid (sodium) imakhala ndi zotsatirapo zolepheretsa kukula kwa zimayambira ndi nthambi pamwamba pa nthaka, ndipo ndi bwino kusakaniza ndi zina zochotsa mizu.
Musanayike IBA, zilowerereni 20-40mg/L ya mankhwala amadzimadzi patsinde la zodulidwazo 3-4 cm kutalika kwa 3h.Komabe, IBA imawola mosavuta ndi kuwala, ndipo mankhwalawa ayenera kupakidwa mukuda ndikusungidwa pamalo ozizira komanso owuma.
Mitundu ya mtengo wa tiyi wokhala ndi 50% naphthalene · ethyl indole muzu wa ufa 500 mg/L, mitundu yokhala ndi mizu yosavuta 300-400 mg/L ufa wa muzu kapena kuviika kwa 5s, ikani 4-8h, ndiyeno kudula.Ikhoza kulimbikitsa mizu yoyambirira, 14d isanakwane kuwongolera.Chiwerengero cha mizu chinawonjezeka, 18 kuposa kulamulira;Kupulumuka kunali 41.8% kuposa kulamulira.Kulemera kowuma kwa mizu yaying'ono kunawonjezeka ndi 62.5%.Kutalika kwa chomera kunali 15.3 cm kuposa momwe amalamulira.Pambuyo pa chithandizo, kupulumuka kunafika pafupifupi 100%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa nazale kunakwera ndi 29.6%.Zotulutsa zonse zidakwera ndi 40 peresenti.
2.Limbikitsani kuyambitsa kwa tiyi
Kukondoweza kwa gibberellin ndiko makamaka kuti kumatha kulimbikitsa kugawanika kwa maselo ndi kutalika, motero kulimbikitsa kumera kwa masamba, kulimbikitsa ndi kufulumizitsa kukula kwa mphukira.Pambuyo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, masamba ogona amalimbikitsidwa kuti amere mwachangu, kuchuluka kwa masamba ndi masamba kumawonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa masamba kumachepetsedwa, ndipo kusungidwa kwanthete kunali kwabwino.Malinga ndi kuyesa kwa Tea Science Institute ya Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, kachulukidwe ka mphukira zatsopano ukuwonjezeka ndi 10% -25% poyerekeza ndi kuwongolera, tiyi ya masika nthawi zambiri imawonjezeka ndi 15%, tiyi yachilimwe idakwera pafupifupi 20% , ndipo tiyi ya autumn yawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi 30%.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyenera kukhala koyenera, nthawi zambiri 50-100 mg / L ndiyoyenera kwambiri, 667m⊃2 iliyonse;Uza 50kg ya mankhwala amadzimadzi pa chomera chonse.Spring kutentha ndi otsika, ndende akhoza moyenerera mkulu;Chilimwe, m'dzinja kutentha ndi apamwamba, ndende ayenera kukhala moyenerera otsika, malinga ndi zinachitikira m'deralo, mbuye Mphukira tsamba koyamba kutsitsi zotsatira zabwino, otsika kutentha nyengo akhoza sprayed tsiku lonse, kutentha nyengo ayenera kuchitidwa madzulo, kuti thandizirani kuyamwa kwa tiyi, perekani kusewera kwathunthu kwamphamvu kwake.
Jekeseni wa masamba a petiole wa 10-40mg/L gibberellic acid amatha kuswa mitengo ya tiyi yopanda nthambi, ndipo mitengo ya tiyi imakula masamba a 2-4 pakati pa mwezi wa February, pomwe mitengo ya tiyi yowongolera simayamba kukula masamba mpaka kumayambiriro kwa Marichi.
Ntchito zindikirani: sangathe wothira zamchere mankhwala, feteleza, ndi wothira 0,5% urea kapena 1% ammonium sulphate kwenikweni bwino;Okhwima ntchito ndende, aliyense tiyi nyengo ayenera kupopera kamodzi, ndipo pambuyo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kulimbikitsa feteleza ndi kasamalidwe madzi;Zotsatira za gibberellin mu thupi la tiyi ndi pafupifupi masiku 14.Choncho, ndi koyenera kusankha tiyi ndi 1 bud ndi masamba 3;Gibberellin iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi izo.
3.Kulimbikitsa kukula kwa tiyi
Pambuyo kupopera mankhwala ndi 1.8% sodium nitrophenolate, chomera tiyi anasonyeza zosiyanasiyana zokhudza thupi zotsatira.Choyamba, mtunda pakati pa masamba ndi masamba unakulitsidwa, ndipo kulemera kwa masamba kunawonjezeka, komwe kunali 9.4% kuposa kulamulira.Chachiwiri, kumera kwa masamba obwerako kunalimbikitsidwa, ndipo kachulukidwe kakumera adawonjezeka ndi 13.7%.Chachitatu ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa chlorophyll, kukulitsa mphamvu ya photosynthesis, ndi mtundu wa masamba obiriwira.Malinga ndi mayeso pafupifupi zaka ziwiri, masika tiyi chinawonjezeka ndi 25,8%, chilimwe tiyi chinawonjezeka ndi 34,5%, yophukira tiyi chinawonjezeka ndi 26,6%, avareji pachaka kuwonjezeka 29,7%.Chiŵerengero cha dilution chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda ya tiyi ndi nthawi 5000, iliyonse 667m⊃2;Uza 12.5mL yamadzimadzi ndi 50kg ya madzi.Kuchotsa masamba a tiyi asanamere munyengo iliyonse kumatha kulimbikitsa masamba oyambilira a axillary.Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito koyambirira kwa tiyi ya masika kumakhala ndi phindu lalikulu lazachuma, ngati kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumayambiriro kwa masamba ndi tsamba, mphamvu yamayamwidwe a mitengo ya tiyi imakhala yolimba, ndipo zotsatira za kuchuluka kwa kupanga ndizodziwikiratu.Tiyi ya masika nthawi zambiri imapopera pafupifupi nthawi 2, tiyi yachilimwe ndi yophukira imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi kuwongolera tizilombo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, wothira wothira pa zabwino ndi kumbuyo kwa masamba, yonyowa popanda kudontha ndi zolimbitsa, kukwaniritsa zotsatira ziwiri za kuwongolera tizilombo ndikulimbikitsa kukula. .
Zindikirani: Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, musapitirire ndende;Ngati mvula ikugwa mkati mwa maola 6 mutatha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kupoperanso kuyenera kuchitidwa;Madontho opopera ayenera kukhala abwino kuti apititse patsogolo zomatira, utsi kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa tsamba mofanana, palibe kudontha kwabwino;Njira yothetsera masheya iyenera kusungidwa pamalo ozizira kutali ndi kuwala.
4.Kuletsa kupanga mbewu ya tiyi
Mitengo ya tiyi imalimidwa ndi cholinga chotola mphukira zambiri, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito zowongolera kukula kuti zithetse kukula kwa zipatso ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa masamba ndi masamba ndi njira yabwino yowonjezeramo tiyi.Kachitidwe ka ethephon pa chomera cha tiyi ndikulimbikitsa ntchito ya maselo a lamellar mu phesi la maluwa ndi phesi la zipatso kuti akwaniritse cholinga chokhetsa.Malinga ndi kuyesa kwa dipatimenti ya tiyi ya Zhejiang Agricultural University, kugwa kwa maluwa ndi pafupifupi 80% pambuyo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pafupifupi 15d.Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kadyedwe kazakudya mchaka chamawa, kupanga tiyi kumatha kuonjezedwa ndi 16.15%, ndipo kutsitsi kwanthawi zonse kumakhala koyenera mpaka 800-1000 mg/L.Popeza kutulutsidwa kwa mamolekyu a ethylene kumachulukitsidwa ndi kutentha kwa kutentha, kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kuchepetsedwa moyenerera pamene mphukira ndi yaying'ono, minofu ikukula mwamphamvu kapena kutentha kuli kokwera, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kukhala kokwera moyenerera pamene maluwa ambiri ali ndi. kutsegulidwa ndipo kukula kumachedwa kapena kutentha kumakhala kotsika.Kuyambira October mpaka November, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kunkachitika, ndipo zotsatira za kuwonjezeka zokolola zinali zabwino kwambiri.
Ethephon utsi ndende sayenera upambana kuchuluka, apo ayi zidzachititsa matenda masamba zinyalala, ndi kuchuluka kwa masamba zinyalala adzawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka ndende.Pofuna kuchepetsa defoliation, ethephon wothira 30-50mg/L gibberellin kutsitsi ali ndi zotsatira kwambiri pa kusunga masamba, ndipo sizimakhudza zotsatira za Mphukira kupatulira.Pamene kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ayenera kusankhidwa mitambo masiku kapena usiku ndi koyenera, kusowa mvula mkati 12h ntchito.
5.Kufulumizitsa kupanga mbewu
Kachulukidwe ka mbeu ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika pakuweta mbande za tiyi.Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zakukula kwa mbewu monga α-mononaphthalene acetic acid (sodium), gibberellin, ndi zina zotero, zimatha kulimbikitsa kumera kwa mbewu, mizu yotukuka, kukula mwachangu komanso kolimba, nazale yoyambirira.
a Monaphthylacetic acid (sodium) Mbeu za tiyi zoviikidwa mu 10-20mg/L naphthylacetic acid (sodium) kwa 48h, kenako kutsukidwa ndi madzi mutabzala, zitha kufukulidwa pafupifupi 15d m'mbuyomu, ndipo mbande yonse yambande ndi 19-25d kale.
Kumera kwa tiyi kumatha kuchulukitsidwa poviika mbeu mu 100mg/L gibberellin solution kwa maola 24.
6.Onjezani zokolola za tiyi
Zokolola za masamba atsopano a mtengo wa tiyi wokhala ndi 1.8% sodium nitrophenolate madzi zimatengera kumera komanso kulemera kwa masamba.Zotsatira zasonyeza kuti kachulukidwe kachulukidwe wa tiyi wothiridwa ndi 1.8% sodium nitrophenolate madzi wakwera ndi 20% poyerekeza ndi kuwongolera.Kutalika kwa mphukira, kulemera kwa mphukira ndi kulemera kwa mphukira imodzi ndi masamba atatu mwachiwonekere zinali zabwino kuposa zowongolera.Zokolola kuwonjezeka zotsatira za 1.8% pawiri sodium nitrophenolate madzi ndi zabwino kwambiri, ndi zokolola kuwonjezeka zotsatira za woipa woipa ndi bwino ndi 6000 nthawi madzi, kawirikawiri 3000-6000 nthawi madzi.
1.8% sodium nitrophenolate madzi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mitundu wamba wa tiyi zomera m'madera tiyi.Gwiritsani ntchito ndende ya 3000-6000 nthawi zamadzimadzi ndizoyenera, 667m⊃2;Utsi wamadzimadzi voliyumu 50-60kg.Pakali pano, kupopera mphamvu kochepa m'madera a tiyi ndikotchuka kwambiri, ndipo akasakaniza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndibwino kuti mlingo wa 1.8% wa sodium nitrophenolate madzi usapitirire 5mL pa chikwama chamadzi.Ngati ndendeyo ili yochuluka kwambiri, idzalepheretsa kukula kwa tiyi ndikusokoneza zokolola za tiyi.Kuchuluka kwa nthawi zopopera mankhwala mu nyengo ya tiyi ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi kukula kwa mtengo wa tiyi.Ngati palinso timitu ting'onoting'ono pa denga mutathyola, ikhoza kupoperanso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndicholinga choonetsetsa kuti zokolola zikuchulukira munyengo yonse.
Brassinolide 0.01% ya brassinolide kuchepetsedwa 5000 nthawi madzi kutsitsi akhoza kulimbikitsa kukula kwa masamba tiyi mtengo masamba, kuonjezera kumera kachulukidwe, kuonjezera zokolola za masamba ndi masamba, komanso kuonjezera zokolola za masamba atsopano ndi 17.8% ndi tiyi youma 15%.
Maluwa ndi zipatso za tiyi ya Ethephon zimadya zakudya zambiri komanso mphamvu, ndipo kupopera 800 mg / L ya ethephon kuyambira kumapeto kwa September mpaka November kungachepetse kwambiri zipatso ndi maluwa.
B9 ndi B9 zitha kupititsa patsogolo kukula kwa uchembere, kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndi zokolola zamitengo ya tiyi, zomwe zili ndi chiyembekezo chothandizira kukweza mitundu ina ya tiyi yokhala ndi mbeu zochepa komanso minda ya tiyi ndicholinga chotolera mbewu za tiyi.Kuchiza ndi 1000mg/L, 3000mg/L B9, 250mg/L ndi 500mg/L B9 kungawonjezere zokolola za tiyi ndi 68% -70%.
Gibberellin amalimbikitsa kugawanika kwa maselo ndi kutalika.Zinapezeka kuti pambuyo pochiza gibberellin, masamba osalala a mtengo wa tiyi amamera mwachangu, mutu wa masambawo unakula, masamba amachepetsedwa, ndipo kusungidwa kwa tiyi kunali kwabwino, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti pakhale mikhalidwe yowonjezeretsa zokolola ndikuwongolera mtundu wa tiyi.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa gibberellin mu nyengo iliyonse ya tiyi ndi tsamba loyamba ndi 50-100mg/L kwa kutsitsi foliar, kulabadira kutentha, ambiri kutentha otsika angagwiritsidwe ntchito tsiku lonse, kutentha kwambiri madzulo.
7.Chemical maluwa kuchotsa
Mbewu zambiri kumapeto kwa autumn zidzadya zakudya zomanga thupi, zimalepheretsa kukula kwa masamba ndi masamba atsopano m'chaka chotsatira, ndipo kudya zakudya kumakhudza zokolola ndi khalidwe la tiyi m'chaka chotsatira, ndipo kuthyola maluwa ochita kupanga kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, kotero mankhwala njira zakhala njira yachitukuko.
Ethylene pogwiritsa ntchito ethephon pochotsa maluwa a mankhwala, masamba ambiri amagwa, kuchuluka kwa mbewu zamaluwa kumakhala kochepa, kudzikundikira kwa michere kumakhala kochulukirapo, komwe kumathandizira kuwonjezera zokolola za tiyi, ndikupulumutsa ntchito ndi mtengo.
General mitundu ndi 500-1000 mg/L ethephon madzi, aliyense 667m⊃2;Kugwiritsa ntchito 100-125kg popopera mofanana mtengo wonse pamene ukuphukira, kenaka kupopera kamodzi pakadutsa 7-10d, kumathandizira kukulitsa zokolola za tiyi.Komabe, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa, ndipo kuchuluka kwambiri kwa ethephon kungayambitse masamba akugwa, omwe sali bwino kukula ndi zokolola.Ndibwino kuti mudziwe nthawi ndi mlingo wogwiritsira ntchito malingana ndi malo, mitundu ndi nyengo, ndipo nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito iyenera kusankhidwa panthawi yomwe kutentha kwachepa pang'onopang'ono, camellia yatsegulidwa, ndipo masamba aikidwa.Chakumapeto kwa nyengo yophukira, mu Okutobala mpaka Novembala ku Zhejiang, kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa sikungapitirire 1000mg/L, kuchuluka kwa siteji yamasamba kumatha kutsika pang'ono, ndipo ndende ya mapiri ozizira tiyi imatha kukhala yokwera pang'ono.
8.Enhance ozizira kukana tiyi chomera
Kuwonongeka kozizira ndi imodzi mwazovuta zomwe zimakhudza kupanga m'dera la tiyi lalitali komanso kumpoto kwa tiyi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa kupanga komanso ngakhale kufa.Kugwiritsa ntchito zomera kukula olamulira akhoza kuchepetsa tsamba padziko transpiration, kapena kulimbikitsa ukalamba wa mphukira zatsopano, kusintha mlingo wa lignification, ndi kumapangitsanso kuzizira kukana kapena kukana kwa tiyi mitengo kumlingo wakutiwakuti.
Ethephon wothiridwa ndi 800mg/L kumapeto kwa Okutobala amatha kuletsa kumeranso kwamitengo ya tiyi kumapeto kwa autumn ndikuwonjezera kuzizira.
Kupopera 250mg / L ya yankho kumapeto kwa September kungalimbikitse kukula kwa mitengo ya tiyi kuyimitsa pasadakhale, zomwe zimathandizira kukula kwabwino kwa mphukira za kasupe m'nyengo yozizira yachiwiri.
9.Sinthani nthawi yotolera tiyi
Kutalikitsa kwa mphukira za tiyi mu nthawi ya tiyi ya masika kumakhala ndi kuyankha kwamphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tiyi wa masika achuluke m'nyengo yamkuntho, ndipo kutsutsana pakati pa kukolola ndi kupanga kumawonekera kwambiri.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa gibberellin ndi ena owongolera kukula kumatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ya A-amylase ndi protease, kuti apititse patsogolo kaphatikizidwe ndi kusintha kwa mapuloteni ndi shuga, kufulumizitsa magawano a cell ndi elongation, kufulumizitsa kukula kwa mtengo wa tiyi, ndikupanga mphukira zatsopano. kukula pasadakhale;Mfundo yakuti zowongolera zina zakukula zimatha kulepheretsa kugawanika kwa maselo ndi kutalika kwake zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chotchinga kuti chichedwetse nthawi ya kusefukira kwa madzi, potero kuwongolera nthawi yotolera tiyi ndikuchepetsa kutsutsana pakugwiritsa ntchito ntchito yotola tiyi pamanja.
Ngati 100mg / L ya gibberellin imapopera mofanana, tiyi ya masika ikhoza kukumbidwa 2-4d pasadakhale ndi tiyi yachilimwe 2-4d pasadakhale.
Alpha-naphthalene acetic acid (sodium) amapopera mankhwala amadzimadzi a 20mg/L, omwe amatha kusankhidwa 2-4d pasadakhale.
Kupopera kwa 25mg/L ethephon solution kungapangitse kuti tiyi ya masika iphuke 3d pasadakhale.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-16-2024